Slack voice
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (August 2008) |
Slack voice (or lax voice) is the pronunciation of
voiceless diacritic (the under-ring) may be used with a voiced consonant letter, though this convention is also used for partially voiced consonants in languages such as English.[1]
Wu Chinese "muddy" consonants are slack voice word-initially, the primary effect of which is a slightly breathy quality of the following vowel.[1]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | Wu | gloss | IPA | Wu | gloss | IPA | Wu | gloss | |
| slack voice | [b̥ʌ̀ʔ] | 白 | 'white' | [d̥ǐ] | 地 | 'earth' | [ɡ̊ə̀ʔ] | 個 | (possessive particle) |
| tenuis | [pʌ́ʔ] | 百 | 'hundred' | [tíʔ] | 的 | (a grammatical particle) | [kóʔ] | 角 | 'corner' |
aspirated
|
[pʰʌ́ʔ] | 拍 | 'to strike' | [tʰî] | 天 | 'sky' | [kʰʌ́ʔ] | 客 | 'guest' |
Javanese contrasts slack and stiff voiced bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops.[1]
| Bilabial | Dental Stop | Dental Affricate | Retroflex | Velar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| phonation | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss |
| stiff voice | [paku] | 'nail' | [tamu] | 'guest' | [tsariʔ] | 'sheet (of paper)' | [ʈiʈiʔ] | 'little' | [kali] | 'river' |
| slack voice | [b̥aku] | 'standard' | [d̥amu] | 'blow' | [d̥z̥arit] | (type of women's clothing) | [ɖ̥isiʔ] | 'first' | [ɡ̊ali] | 'dig' |
Parauk contrasts slack voicing in its vowels. The contrast is between "slightly stiff" and "slightly breathy" vowels; the first are between modal and stiff voice, while the latter are captured by slack voice.[1]
References
- ^ ISBN 0-631-19815-6.