Cystoderma carcharias

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Cystoderma carcharias
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Agaricaceae
Genus:
Cystoderma
Species:
C. carcharias
Binomial name
Cystoderma carcharias
Synonyms

Agaricus carcharias
Agaricus granulosus var. carcharias
Lepiota carcharias[1]

Cystoderma carcharias
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex or flat
or adnate
saprotrophic
Edibility is inedible

Cystoderma carcharias, is a

coniferous forests and grasslands in Asia, Europe, North America, and the subantarctic islands. In the field, fruit bodies are characterized by a pink cap up to 6 cm (2.4 in) broad, a well-developed ring on the stem
, and an unpleasant odour.

Taxonomy

The species was first described scientifically by

Greek καρχαρός (karcharos) which means sharp, pointed or jagged. καρχαρίας (karcharias) is translated as shark
.

Description

The fruiting body of Cystoderma carcharias is a relatively small agaric. The fruiting body is characterised by an off-white and pale pink-tinged cap with a distinct darker central spot, and a powdery cuticle. The cap is at first convex, but with maturity becomes flat and slightly umbonate. The cap is up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter and may bear a margin fringed with remnants of a partial veil. The gills are white, adnate and crowded. The stem is white and smooth above, and granular below a white, upturned, flared and persistent ring. The stem is cylindrical and up to 7 cm (2.8 in) tall. The flesh is white, firm and full throughout.[4][5] Additionally, C. carcharias forma album is a form recognised as having a snow-white cap.[6]

Under a microscope, the spores are ellipsoid, with dimensions 4–5.5 by 3–4 µm. The spores are white and amyloid. The basidia are 4-spored,[4][5][7] club-shaped, and measure 20–25 by 4–6 µm.[8]

The fruiting body of C. carcharias bears a characteristic strong, unpleasant odour. The odour has been described as earthy, muddy and mouldy by various authors. This has been attributed to the presence of the compound geosmin.[9] The taste is not distinctive.

Cystoderma carcharias is a fairly common fungus distributed in Europe, North America and

acidophilic litter saprotroph
growing frequently under conifers, namely spruce.

Cystoderma carcharias accumulates cadmium in its fruiting bodies. In polluted areas, cadmium concentrations may even exceed 600 mg/kg in dry mass.[12] Intracellular Cd accumulated in sporocarps of C. carcharias is associated with two isoforms of metallothioneins.[13] Furthermore, C. carcharias contains numerous organoarsenic compounds from which dimethylarsinoylacetate and trimethylarsoniopropionate have been reported for the first time in the terrestrial environment.[12]

This fungus has been deemed inedible by various authors.[4][14]

References

  1. ^ "Cystoderma carcharias taxon record details at Index Fungorum". CAB International. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  2. ^ Persoon CH. (1794). "Dispositio methodica fungorum". Neues Magazin für die Botanik, Römer (in Latin). 1: 81–128.
  3. ^ Fayod MV. (1889). "Prodrome d'une histoire naturelle des Agaricinés". Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique. VII (in French). 9: 351.
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-7153-0129-2
    .
  5. ^ a b Gerault, Alain (October 2005). "Florule Evolutive des Basidiomycotina du Finistere – Heterobasidiomycetes – Tricholomatales (in French)" (PDF). 2.1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "Trial field key to the species of Cystoderma in the Pacific Northwest". Pacific Northwest Key Council. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
  7. S2CID 31184798
    .
  8. ^ a b Saar I. (2003). "The genera Cystoderma and Cystodermella (Tricholomataceae) in temperate Eurasia". Mycotaxon. 86: 455–73. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  9. ISBN 0-306-47866-8
    .
  10. JSTOR 4119067
    .
  11. ^ "Interactive Catalogue of Australian Fungi: Cystoderma carcharias". Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
  12. ^
    S2CID 53009222.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  13. S2CID 235075332.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  14. ISBN 2-84416-145-6
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cystoderma carcharias.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cystoderma_carcharias&oldid=1219683560"