Dale Jennings (activist)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Dale Jennings
Born
William Dale Jennings

(1917-10-21)October 21, 1917
Amarillo, Texas, U.S.[1]
DiedMay 11, 2000(2000-05-11) (aged 82)
La Mirada, California, U.S.
EducationUniversity of Southern California

William Dale Jennings (October 21, 1917 – May 11, 2000) was an American

LGBT rights
activist, playwright and author.

Early life

Jennings was born in Amarillo, Texas,[2] the son of William Arthur Jennings and Charlotte Sophia Knebel Jennings. His family relocated to Denver, Colorado, while Jennings was still an infant. He and his sister, Charlotte Elaine, (two years older) grew up in Denver. Both were schooled in music, Elaine playing the violin and Dale (as he was known, to distinguish him from his father) the piano. The two made many appearances on local radio and at tent revival meetings. Dale showed an early love of dance, growing into a noted prodigy before the age of twelve. Later he joined the Lester Horton dance troupe as they traveled around the United States. In his late teens he moved to Los Angeles, with aspirations of becoming a writer and theater director, for which he had trained in Colorado. He eventually launched a theater company called the Theatre Caravan, located in a now demolished building near Olympic Blvd. and Alvarado, where he also lived. During this time, he wrote and produced about 60 plays.[3]

Jennings spent World War II stationed at Guadalcanal. During his military service, he was awarded a WWII Victory Medal, an American Campaign medal, an Asiatic–Pacific campaign medal, and a Philippine Liberation Ribbon with one bronze star.[4] After being honorably discharged in 1946, he returned to California where he studied cinema for two years at the University of Southern California. Before the war Jennings pursued relationships with women in the custom of the time, to avoid any suspicions about his true nature. He married once, an aspiring actress at Theatre Caravan; this lasted through the war, followed by divorce.

The Mattachine Society

In November 1950, Jennings accompanied his then-boyfriend Bob Hull, to a meeting with Harry Hay and Chuck Rowland to discuss a prospectus that had called on the “androgynies of the world” to unite. This meeting began the first official meeting of the International Bachelors Fraternal Order for Peace and Social Dignity, which would later be renamed as the Mattachine Society.[5][6] The society sought to gain acceptance through greater communication between homosexuals and heterosexuals. The group began to grow and by the summer of that year they had adopted official missions and purposes which proclaimed homosexuals to be one of the largest minorities in America.[7]

Arrest

In the spring of 1952 Jennings was arrested for allegedly soliciting a police officer in a toilet in Westlake Park, now known as

Gay Rights Movement
as a whole as well as increasing the organization's membership.

ONE, Incorporated

While Jennings was one of the founders of the Mattachine Society,[11] his views on how to best fight for equal rights for homosexuals differed from the organization as a whole. Harry Hay, the primary founder of the society, believed that "gays were a unique and especially talented group who had been a primary part of tribal societies and needed to come together and reclaim those sacred and traditional roles".[3] Jennings believed that there essentially was no difference between a gay man and a straight man. Jennings adopted a more private role, believing that homosexuals as a group had very little in common, and wanted to fight for the right to be left alone while Hay and the rest of the Mattachine Society collectively wanted to make homosexuality visible to the public and fought for more homosexual awareness.

In the organization Jennings was not alone in this alternate perspective, and in 1952 a small group of members from the

Gay Rights Movement
. The magazine included writings about police harassment and persecution from cities all across the nation based on newspaper reports sent in by its readers. Thought-provoking essays, daring social commentary and a sharp consistent design made up the overall sense of the magazine.

The magazine was produced essentially by hand, thanks to James and Elaine Porter who paid for materials and other expenses out of their own pocket, printing and assembling each issue in their printing and graphics office. Although it had a low printing circulation it had a large impact on the movement as a whole. It was the only publication that openly spoke positively of homosexuality and fought for equal legal and social status for homosexuals. The small circulation but large impact of this magazine represented a lot of the small organizations that were also a part of the movement. While small in number, each member of the movement symbolized an insecure and emerging movement among homosexuals that confronted their subjugated status in society.

After two years of heavy involvement, especially with the magazine, Jennings was pressured to leave by business manager

Dorr Legg.[12]

After ONE

After leaving ONE, Jennings wrote and published his first novel, The Ronin,[13] retold from an ancient Buddhist story, followed by The Sinking of the Sarah Diamond.[14] Another book, The Cowboys,[15] based on a film treatment he sold to Warner Bros., caused considerable controversy among publishers due to its glimmers of homoeroticism. The Cowboys was made into a 1972 film, starring John Wayne.[16] While not as successful as his first book, he made enough profit from the book that allowed him to buy a ranch outside of Los Angeles. After losing his home due to a lawsuit with a former lover he moved to the town of Trinidad in Humboldt County in northern California where he decided to re-involve himself in the movement. He contacted an old friend from ONE, Don Slater, who had also separated himself from ONE and founded a new organization, HIC (Homosexual Information Center) in 1965. Jennings was very passionate about his writings, and hoped that the HIC would accept and protect his scripts and books.

The HIC believed and supported the protection of privacy in sexual relations and that this was the key to sexual freedom. Jennings stayed highly involved with the organization until 1997, when Slater died. Around this time Jennings began losing his memory and constantly worried that his writings would be lost, so he made arrangements that his works and property would go to the HIC when he died.

He continued to write until shortly before his death on May 11, 2000, at the age of 82 at Specialty Hospital in La Mirada, California; he is survived by one nephew. His legacy to the HIC consists of hundreds of articles, including unpublished books, plays, film treatments and stories. They are now housed in the Homosexual Information Center Archives, a part of the Vern and Bonnie Bullough Collection on Sex and Gender, housed at the University Library, California State University, Northridge.[17][18]

The Temperamentals

In 2009, Jennings and the Mattachine Society became the subjects of the play The Temperamentals by Jon Maran.[19] After workshop performances in 2009, the play opened off-Broadway at New World Stages in early 2010. Jennings was portrayed by Sam Breslin Wright.[20]

References

  1. ^ Rapp, Linda. "Jennings, William Dale (1917–2000)" (PDF). Archives of the GLBTQ Encyclopedia Project. glbtq Encyclopedia Project. Retrieved 25 October 2022. GLBTQ Archive: Literature index
  2. ISBN 9780252034411
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 1-56023-192-0
    .
  4. ^ a b Schneider, James and White, C. Todd. "Dale Jennings." OutHistory.org, 14 Dec. 2004.<http://www.outhistory.org/wiki/Dale_Jennings Archived 2012-08-26 at the Wayback Machine>
  5. ISBN 978-1-4039-8069-4
    .
  6. ^ "11 Nov 1950 Jahr - Mattachine Society is founded (Band der Zeit)". time.graphics. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  7. ^ ""Coming Out": From Assimilation to Visibility Handouts" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-01-13.
  8. ^ "MacArthur Park Was Cruisy in the Dark". The Pride LA. 2015-10-22. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
  9. ^ Clendinen, Dudley (22 May 2000). "William Dale Jennings, 82, Writer and Gay Rights Pioneer". New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022.
  10. ^ "An Innocent Man: The Surprising Trial of Dale Jennings – [Emphasis Mine]". 5 August 2018. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  11. ^ Metcalf, Meg. "Research Guides: LGBTQIA+ Studies: A Resource Guide: The Mattachine Society". guides.loc.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
  12. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2023-01-13.
  13. OCLC 1151180213
    .
  14. OCLC 862314.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  15. OCLC 163716.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  16. ^ Rydell, Mark (1972-01-13), The Cowboys (Adventure, Drama, Western), Sanford Productions (III), retrieved 2023-01-13
  17. ^ "Guide to the Dale Jennings Scrapbook Collection" (PDF). Online Archive of California. 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  18. ^ "Guide to the Homosexual Information Center Subject Files Collection" (PDF). Online Archive of California. 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  19. ^ Goldfin, Robin (2010-07-01). "Jon Marans launches The Temperamentals". The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide. 17 (4): 44–46.
  20. ^ Brantley, Ben (March 1, 2010). "The Churning Insides of a Quiet Revolution". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-23.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale_Jennings_(activist)&oldid=1196105182"