Amarillo, Texas
Amarillo, Texas | ||
---|---|---|
Mayor Cole Stanley
(Since May 2023) | | |
• Councilmember Place 1 | Josh Craft (Since July 2023) | |
• Councilmember Place 2 | Don Tipps (Since May 2023) | |
• Councilmember Place 3 | Tom Scherlen (Since May 2023) | |
• Councilmember Place 4 | Les Simpson (Since July 2023) | |
Area FIPS code | 48-03000[4] | |
GNIS feature ID | 2409694[3] | |
Website | www |
Amarillo (
The city of Amarillo, originally named Oneida, is situated in the Llano Estacado region.[10] The availability of the railroad and freight service provided by the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad contributed to the city's growth as a cattle-marketing center in the late 19th century.[11]
Amarillo was once the
History
During April 1887, J. I. Berry established a site for a town after he chose a well-watered section along the
The settlement originally was called Oneida; it later changed its name to Amarillo, which probably derived from yellow wildflowers that were plentiful during the spring and summer or the nearby Amarillo Lake and Amarillo Creek, named in turn for the yellow soil along their banks and shores (Amarillo is the Spanish word for the color yellow). Early residents originally pronounced the city's name more similar to the Spanish pronunciation /ˌɑːməˈriːjoʊ/ ah-mə-REE-yoh, which was later displaced by the current pronunciation.[15]
On June 19, 1888, Henry B. Sanborn, who is given credit as the "Father of Amarillo",[16] and his business partner Joseph F. Glidden began buying land to the east to move Amarillo after arguing that Berry's site was on low ground and would flood during rainstorms. Sanborn also offered to trade lots in the new location to businesses in the original city's site and help with the expense of moving to new buildings. His incentives gradually won over people, who moved their businesses to Polk Street in the new commercial district.[17] Heavy rains almost flooded Berry's part of the town in 1889, prompting more people to move to Sanborn's location. This eventually led to another county seat election making Sanborn's town the new county seat in 1893.[11]
By the late 1890s, Amarillo had emerged as one of the world's busiest cattle-shipping points, and its population grew significantly. The city became a grain elevator, milling, and feed-manufacturing center after an increase in production of wheat and small grains during the early 1900s. Discovery of natural gas in 1918 and oil three years later brought oil and gas companies to the Amarillo area.[11]
The United States government bought the Cliffside Gas Field with high helium content in 1927 and the Federal Bureau of Mines began operating the Amarillo Helium plant two years later.[18] The plant was the sole producer of commercial helium in the world for a number of years.[19] The U.S. National Helium Reserve is stored in the Bush Dome Reservoir at the Cliffside facility.[20]
Following the lead of the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad established services to and from Amarillo. Each of these three carriers maintained substantial freight and passenger depots and repair facilities in the city through most of the 20th century and were major employers within the community.[21]
Amarillo was hit by the
In 1949, a deadly F4 tornado devastated much of Amarillo, shortly after nightfall on May 15, tearing through the south and east sides of the city, killing seven people, and injuring more than 80 others. The tornado touched down southwest of Amarillo, near the town of Hereford, then tracked its way northward, on a collision course with Amarillo. The tornado, shortly after 8 pm, ripped through Amarillo's most densely populated areas, demolishing almost half of the city, causing catastrophic damage and loss of life.
In 1951, the army air base was reactivated as
In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Amarillo's population as 6.1% Hispanic and 88.5% non-Hispanic white.
In May 1982, a strong F3 tornado struck Amarillo's western suburbs, devastating parts of Dawn, and Bushland. No fatalities were reported.
Geography and climate
Amarillo is located near the middle of the
Though urbanization, agricultural farming, and construction have taken place over the last century in and around Amarillo, the native grasslands that dominate this region have remained largely untouched. Amarillo sits closer in proximity to the
About 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Amarillo is the Canadian River, which divides the Western High Plains ecological region. The southern divide of the Western High Plains is the Llano Estacado or Staked Plains geographical region. The river is dammed to form Lake Meredith, a major source of drinking water in the Texas Panhandle region.[25] The city is situated near the Panhandle Field, in a productive gas and oil area, covering 200,000 acres (81,000 ha) in Hartley, Potter, Moore, Hutchinson, Carson, Gray, Wheeler, and Collingsworth Counties. The Potter County portion had the nation's largest natural gas reserve.[26] Approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Amarillo is the canyon system, Palo Duro Canyon. The tallest peak is reported to be 2,500 feet (760 m) underground in northeastern Potter County under the Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument.[27]
Cityscape
Most of Amarillo's population growth and commercial development are occurring in the southern and northwestern parts of the city.[28] Similar to many towns in the Texas Panhandle, the city's downtown has suffered economic deterioration throughout the years.[29] To help revitalize it, the organization Center City of Amarillo was formed to establish partnerships with groups who have a large presence in the city.[30] Since its conception in the 1990s, Center City has sponsored public art projects and started block parties in the downtown area.[31]
The 31-story FirstBank Southwest Tower was opened in Amarillo's downtown in 1971.[32] Completed in the same year as the FirstBank Southwest Tower, the Amarillo National Bank Plaza One building houses the headquarters of Amarillo National Bank, the city's largest financial institution.[33][34] The Santa Fe Building, completed in 1930, was the regional offices of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, but was vacant for several years until Potter County bought the building for $426,000 in 1995 to gain new office spaces.[35]
Amarillo's historic homes and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places reflect the economic growth from around 1900 to the start of World War II. Polk Street contains many of the city's historic downtown buildings and homes. The large historic homes on this street were built close to downtown, and homes were located on the west side of the street as a symbol of status because they would be greeted with the sunrise every morning.[36]
The city of Amarillo's Parks and Recreation Department operates over 50 municipal parks, including a skatepark west of the city. Amarillo's largest parks are Medical Park, Thompson Memorial Park, and Memorial Park, near Amarillo College's Washington Street Campus. From 1978 to 2002, the Junior League of Amarillo and the city of Amarillo's Parks and Recreation Department co-sponsored Funfest, a family entertainment festival, benefiting the city parks and the league's Community Chest Trust Fund. Funfest was held in Thompson Memorial Park during Memorial Day weekend.[37] At the time, the festival included Amarillo's only 42.2-kilometre (26.2 mi) foot race, the Funfest Marathon.
Tallest buildings
Rank | Name | Image | Height ft (m) |
Floors | Year | Coordinates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | FirstBank Southwest Tower | 374 (114) | 31 | 1971 | 35°12′26.54″N 101°50′19.67″W / 35.2073722°N 101.8387972°W | [38] | |
2 | Amarillo National Bank | 220 (67) | 16 | 1971 | 35°12′32.46″N 101°50′9.13″W / 35.2090167°N 101.8358694°W | [39] | |
3 | Santa Fe Building | 188 (57) | 13 | 1930 | 35°12′15.91″N 101°50′17.02″W / 35.2044194°N 101.8380611°W | [40] | |
4 | Herring Hotel | 164 (50) | 13 | 1926 | [41] | ||
5 | Fisk Building | 152 (46) | 12 | 1927 | [42] |
Climate
Amarillo, Texas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Like most of the Texas Panhandle, Amarillo has a temperate
According to 'Cities Ranked and Rated' (Bert Sperling and Peter Sander), Amarillo averages 48 days per year during which thunder and lightning is reported. This is above the national average. These storms can be severe: Amarillo and the Texas Panhandle are situated in the western portion of "Tornado Alley" and are prone to severe weather events, occurring primarily between April and July. Severe thunderstorms can produce damaging straight-line winds, large hail, tornadoes, and flash flooding. Amarillo is no stranger to devastating tornadoes. Tornadoes have occurred in and around the city in 1968, 1970, 1982, 1986, 2001, 2007, and most recently in 2013, 2015 and 2016. The strongest tornado to ever hit Amarillo was a deadly F4 tornado that struck the city in the night time hours of May 15, 1949. Amarillo suffered a direct hit, causing catastrophic damage and loss of life in Amarillo's most densely populated areas. The tornado devastated the south and east sides of the city, killing 7 people, and injuring more than 80 others. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 38.6 °F (3.7 °C) in January to 79.6 °F (26.4 °C) in July. Sunny weather prevails year-round, with nearly 3300 hours of bright sunshine annually. The National Weather Service in Amarillo forecasts and provides climatic data for the city.
Extreme temperatures range from −16 °F (−26.7 °C) on February 12, 1899 to 111 °F (43.9 °C) on June 26, 2011, but lows do not typically dip to 0 °F or −17.8 °C in most years, while highs above 100 °F or 37.8 °C are seen on 4.7 days on average. On average, there are 5.9 days of lows at or below 10 °F or −12.2 °C, 8.8 days where the temperature fails to rise above freezing, and 61 days of 90 °F (32.2 °C)+ highs. Unlike in the Rio Grande Valley or eastern portions of Texas, days where the low does not fall below 70 °F or 21.1 °C are relatively rare, due to the aridity and elevation. Blizzards occur occasionally, but snowfall is typically light, averaging nearly 18 inches or 46 centimetres seasonally and the median figure is near 10 inches or 25 centimetres.[45] Amarillo is also recorded as the windiest city in the U.S. by the Weather Channel.[46]
Climate data for Amarillo, Texas, 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1892–present[47] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 83 (28) |
89 (32) |
96 (36) |
99 (37) |
104 (40) |
111 (44) |
110 (43) |
107 (42) |
105 (41) |
99 (37) |
88 (31) |
83 (28) |
111 (44) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 71.4 (21.9) |
76.5 (24.7) |
83.5 (28.6) |
88.6 (31.4) |
94.7 (34.8) |
99.7 (37.6) |
100.3 (37.9) |
98.2 (36.8) |
95.2 (35.1) |
88.6 (31.4) |
79.7 (26.5) |
71.8 (22.1) |
102.4 (39.1) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 52.2 (11.2) |
56.1 (13.4) |
64.8 (18.2) |
72.4 (22.4) |
80.9 (27.2) |
89.7 (32.1) |
92.9 (33.8) |
91.0 (32.8) |
84.0 (28.9) |
73.0 (22.8) |
61.3 (16.3) |
51.9 (11.1) |
72.5 (22.5) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 38.6 (3.7) |
41.8 (5.4) |
49.8 (9.9) |
57.5 (14.2) |
66.8 (19.3) |
76.1 (24.5) |
79.6 (26.4) |
78.1 (25.6) |
70.9 (21.6) |
59.2 (15.1) |
47.4 (8.6) |
38.8 (3.8) |
58.7 (14.8) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 24.9 (−3.9) |
27.5 (−2.5) |
34.8 (1.6) |
42.5 (5.8) |
52.6 (11.4) |
62.4 (16.9) |
66.4 (19.1) |
65.3 (18.5) |
57.8 (14.3) |
45.4 (7.4) |
33.5 (0.8) |
25.7 (−3.5) |
44.9 (7.2) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 7.4 (−13.7) |
8.6 (−13.0) |
16.8 (−8.4) |
27.2 (−2.7) |
37.5 (3.1) |
50.4 (10.2) |
57.4 (14.1) |
56.6 (13.7) |
41.8 (5.4) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
16.0 (−8.9) |
6.8 (−14.0) |
0.3 (−17.6) |
Record low °F (°C) | −11 (−24) |
−16 (−27) |
−3 (−19) |
13 (−11) |
26 (−3) |
38 (3) |
51 (11) |
48 (9) |
30 (−1) |
12 (−11) |
0 (−18) |
−8 (−22) |
−16 (−27) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.71 (18) |
0.53 (13) |
1.27 (32) |
1.45 (37) |
2.27 (58) |
2.85 (72) |
2.82 (72) |
2.86 (73) |
1.69 (43) |
1.75 (44) |
0.75 (19) |
0.71 (18) |
19.66 (499) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 4.0 (10) |
3.5 (8.9) |
1.9 (4.8) |
0.5 (1.3) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.7 (1.8) |
2.6 (6.6) |
3.8 (9.7) |
17.2 (44) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 3.9 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 71.7 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 11.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
58.1 | 58.5 | 51.7 | 48.3 | 54.2 | 56.3 | 53.3 | 58.4 | 61.0 | 55.9 | 58.6 | 59.1 | 56.1 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 18.1 (−7.7) |
21.9 (−5.6) |
25.9 (−3.4) |
32.9 (0.5) |
44.1 (6.7) |
54.3 (12.4) |
57.6 (14.2) |
58.1 (14.5) |
52.2 (11.2) |
39.4 (4.1) |
28.8 (−1.8) |
20.5 (−6.4) |
37.8 (3.2) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 222.1 | 215.2 | 268.7 | 301.1 | 325.1 | 343.0 | 353.6 | 323.5 | 264.5 | 266.4 | 211.5 | 201.5 | 3,296.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 71 | 70 | 72 | 77 | 75 | 79 | 80 | 78 | 71 | 76 | 68 | 66 | 74 |
Source: NOAA (sun, relative humidity, and dew point 1961–1990)[48][49][50] |
- Notes
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1890 | 482 | — | |
1900 | 1,442 | 199.2% | |
1910 | 9,957 | 590.5% | |
1920 | 15,494 | 55.6% | |
1930 | 43,132 | 178.4% | |
1940 | 51,686 | 19.8% | |
1950 | 74,246 | 43.6% | |
1960 | 137,969 | 85.8% | |
1970 | 127,010 | −7.9% | |
1980 | 149,230 | 17.5% | |
1990 | 157,571 | 5.6% | |
2000 | 173,627 | 10.2% | |
2010 | 190,695 | 9.8% | |
2020 | 200,393 | 5.1% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[51] Texas Almanac: 1850–2000[52] |
Race | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White (NH)
|
104,026 | 51.91% |
Black or African American (NH)
|
13,808 | 6.89% |
Alaska Native (NH)
|
1,053 | 0.53% |
Asian (NH) | 8,205 | 4.09% |
Pacific Islander (NH) | 55 | 0.03% |
Some Other Race (NH) | 851 | 0.42% |
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 7,093 | 3.54% |
Hispanic or Latino | 65,302 | 32.59% |
Total | 200,393 |
According to the 2020 United States census, there were 200,393 people, 76,778 households, and 50,005 families residing in the city, an increase of 5.1% since the 2010 United States census. At the 2010 U.S. census, there were 190,695 people residing in Amarillo, an increase of 9.8% since the 2000 U.S. census.[56]
In 2020, there were 76,778 households with an average of 2.57 people per household.[57] Of the households, 60.8% lived in owner-occupied housing units and the median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $140,030. The median homeowner costs with a mortgage were $1,272 and without a mortgage $479. Amarillo had a median gross rent of $876 from 2016 to 2020. Amarillo had a median household income of $52,941 and per capita income at $28,274. An estimated 15.4% of the population lived at or below the poverty line.
In 2020, there were 78,706 occupied households, out of which 26,945 were married couples living together, 4,327 had a female householder with no spouse present, and 1,858 were male householder, no spouse present. The age distribution of the city in 2020 was as follows: 7.6% of the population was under the age of 5, 26.8% was under the age of 18, 73.2% 18 and older, 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.1 years.
The median income for a household in the city was $52,941, and the median income for a family was $64,632. Married-couple families had a median income of $80,819, and non-family households had a median income of $31,663. About 15.4% of families were below the poverty line, including 20% of those under age 18, 14.1% ages 18 – 64, and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.
Religion
Part of the Bible Belt, Christianity is the predominant religion in Amarillo and its metropolitan area. There are more than 200 churches in the area as of 2013.[58]
According to
Economy
Amarillo is considered the regional economic center for the Texas Panhandle,
The city's largest employer in 2005 was Tyson Foods, with 3,700 employees. The Amarillo Independent School District was next with 3,659 employees followed by Pantex, Baptist St. Anthony's Health Care System, City of Amarillo, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo College, Wal-mart, and United Supermarkets.[65] Other major employers include Bell Helicopter Textron, Owens-Corning, Amarillo National Bank and ASARCO.
Approximately 14 million acres (57,000 km2) of agricultural land surrounds the city with corn, wheat, and cotton as the primary crops. Other crops in the area include sorghum, silage, hay, and soybeans.[66] The Texas Panhandle, particularly in Hereford, Texas, serves as a fast-growing milk producing area as several multimillion-dollar state of the art dairies were built in the early 2000s.[67]
The Amarillo Economic Development Corporation (AEDC) is funded by a city sales tax, and it provides aggressive incentive packages to existing and prospective employers. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the AEDC gained notoriety by sending mock checks to businesses across the country, placing full-page advertisements in The Wall Street Journal, and paying an annual $1 million subsidy to American Airlines to retain jet service.[68][69] The AEDC is largely responsible for bringing Bell Helicopter Textron's development of the V-22 Osprey hybrid aircraft and the future site of Marine One assembly in Amarillo.[70]
From 2020 to 2021, Amarillo experienced its greatest amount of economic development in 30 years.[71] Amazon, Asset Protection Unit, and Texas Tech University Vet School were named some major organizations contributing to the city and metropolitan area's economic growth. Through the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas, the Amarillo Chamber of Commerce announced a new initiative to help local businesses rebound from the pandemic.[72] Its tourism industry also rebounded.[73]
Culture
Amarillo has a number of natural attractions near the city. The
Local millionaire
The city has events and attractions honoring the cowboy and Texas culture. During the third week of September, the Tri-State Fair & Rodeo brings participants mostly from Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas to Amarillo since 1921.[77] On the Tri-State Exposition grounds, the Amarillo National Center is a special events center for events ranging from national equestrian competitions to motor sports and rodeos. The World Championship Ranch Rodeo sponsored by the Working Ranch Cowboys Association is held every November in the Amarillo Civic Center.[78] The Amarillo Livestock Auction on Bull Road holds a free-to-the-public cattle auction on Tuesdays. Now located on Interstate 40, The Big Texan Steak Ranch is famous by offering visitors a free 72 ounce (2 kg) beef steak if it (and its accompanying dinner) is eaten in under an hour.
The Amarillo Public Library is affiliated with the Harrington Library Consortium. The consortium consist of public, college, and school libraries located in the Texas Panhandle that share resources and cooperate with one another. Other members include the Amarillo's public schools, Amarillo College, Canyon Area Library, Lovett Memorial Library in Pampa, Texas, and Hutchinson County Library in Borger, Texas.[82] The Amarillo Public Library's main branch is located in downtown and operates four neighborhood branches.
Amarillo residents are known as
Museums and art collections
The American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) is an international organization dedicated to the preservation, improvement and record-keeping of the American Quarter Horse breed. The organization is headquartered in Amarillo and has a museum. There is also an American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame exhibited in the museum. In addition, the AQHA and Center City of Amarillo co-sponsors the project, "Hoof Prints of the American Quarter Horse" which consist of horse statues located in front of several Amarillo businesses, such as the downtown Amarillo National building, Nationwide Insurance, and Edward Jones. An area business would purchase a horse statue and a local artist paints on it.[83]
Two of the Amarillo area's higher education institutions have at least one museum in their campuses. The Amarillo Art Center [1], opened in 1972, is a building complex with the
Don Harrington Discovery Center, located in the city's hospital district, is an interactive science center and space theater with over 60 hands-on exhibits.[85] Outside of the building is a steel structure called the Helium Monument which has time capsules and designates Amarillo the "Helium Capital of the World."[11] Near the proximity of the Discovery Center, the Amarillo Botanical Gardens has gardens, indoor exhibits, and a library for visitation throughout the year.
The Texas Pharmacy Museum claims to be the only Texas museum specialized in the research, collection, preservation, and exhibition of the history of pharmacy, is also located in the city's hospital district.[86]
Founded in 2013, by businessman Tom Warren, The Amarillo Historical Museum is Amarillo's only local museum to exclusively feature local history.[87]
Other notable museums in the area are the Kwahadi Kiva Indian Museum and the English Field Air & Space Museum. The Kwahadi Kiva Indian Museum features a collection of Native American artifacts and provides dance performances. The English Field Air & Space Museum, which had been operated by the Texas Aviation Historical Society featuring aircraft and space exhibits, in 2007 closed its doors and lost many of its aircraft. The museum is now rebuilding its aircraft collection as Texas Air & Space Museum and is located on American Drive on the south side of the airport.
Sports
The
Another part of Amarillo's sporting history was its roots in
Government
Local government
In 1913, Amarillo became the first Texas city and the fifth in United States to use the
Mayor | Cole Stanley |
Council Place 1 | Josh Craft |
Council Place 2 | Don Tipps |
Council Place 3 | Tom Scherlen |
Council Place 4 | Les Simpson |
City Manager |
Jared Miller (Since February 2017) |
Deputy City Manager |
Andrew Freeman |
Assistant City Manager |
Rich Gagnon - CIO |
Floyd Hartman - Development Services |
Laura Storrs - CFO |
- W. W. Wetsel, 1892–1894[96]
- R. L. Stringfellow, 1899–1902
- S. Lightburne, 1902–1906
- Will A. Miller, Jr., 1906–1908
- Lon D. Marrs, 1908–1910 and 1917–1922
- James N. Patton, 1910–1912
- W. E. Gee, 1912–1913
- J. N. Beasley, 1913–1916
- Eugene S. Blasdel, 1923–1924
- Lee Bivins, 1925–1928
- Ernest O. Thompson, 1929–1932
- Ross D. Rogers, 1932–1941
- Joe A. Jenkins, 1941–1947
- L. R. Hagy, 1947–1949
- E. H. Klein, 1949–1953
- S. T. Curtis, 1953–1955
- R. C. Jordan, 1955–1957
- J. R. Armstrong, 1957–1959
- A. F. Madison, 1959–1961
- Jack Seale, 1961–1963
- F. V. Wallace, 1963–1967
- J. Ernest Stroud, 1967–1971
- L. Ray Vahue, 1971–1975
- John C. Drummond, 1975–1977
- Jerry H. Hodge, 1977–1981
- R. P. (Rick) Klein, 1981–1987
- Glen Parkey, 1987–1989
- Keith Adams, 1989–1993
- Kel Seliger, 1993–2001
- Trent Sisemore, 2001–2005
- Debra McCartt, 2005–2011
- Paul Harpole, 2011–2017
- Ginger Nelson, 2017–2023
- Cole Stanley, 2023–Present
County, state, and federal representation
As the seat of Potter County, the city is the location of the county's trial, civil, and criminal courts. The Randall County Amarillo Annex building is located within the city limits and houses its Sheriff's Office and Justice of the Peace Court, Precinct 4.[97][98]
The Texas Seventh Court of Appeals is located in Amarillo.[99]
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates the Amarillo District Parole Office in the city.[100] It also operates the Clements Unit and Nathaniel J. Neal Unit in unincorporated Potter County, east of Amarillo.[101]
The United States Postal Service operates the Amarillo Main Post Office.[102] Other post offices in the city include Downtown Amarillo,[103] Jordan,[104] Lone Star,[105] North Amarillo,[106] and San Jacinto.[107]
In the U.S. House, Amarillo is located in Texas's 13th congressional district, and is represented by Representative Ronny Jackson. In the Texas Legislature, the city is in the 31st District in the Texas Senate, represented by Republican Kevin Sparks, of Midland. It is in the 87th District in the Texas House of Representatives, having been represented by Republican David A. Swinford since 1991. Swinford retired in January 2011 and was succeeded by fellow Republican Four Price, who is the current representative. That part of Amarillo within Randall County is represented by Swinford's Republican colleague, John T. Smithee, who has served in the 86th District since 1985.
Education
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 23.3% of all adults aged 25 and older have obtained a bachelor's degree, and 85% a high school diploma or equivalent from 2016 to 2020.[57]
The higher education institutions in the city are
Amarillo's primary and secondary education is handled by five different school districts:[108][109]
Media
The major local newspaper is the Amarillo Globe-News, owned by GateHouse Media, was a combination of three newspapers: Amarillo Daily News, Amarillo Globe, and Amarillo Times. Other publications include a local monthly magazine dealing with city and regional issues in the Amarillo area called, Accent West and a daily online paper, The Amarillo Pioneer.[110] The American Quarter Horse Association publishes two monthly publications, The American Quarter Horse Journal and The American Quarter Horse Racing Journal, HISPANIC Newspaper El Mensajero owned by Dr. Ramon Godoy started printing in 1989.
Amarillo's major network
Amarillo is the 168th largest United States radio market in autumn 2005 designated by the
The regional public radio network, High Plains Public Radio, operates KJJP-FM 105.7. Other notable radio stations around the area include the
Outside media attention
The city gained national media attention in 1998 when local cattlemen unsuccessfully sued television talk show host
On May 5, 2020, Amarillo ranked 13th in the nation for Highest Average Daily Growth Rate of COVID-19 cases by the New York Times.[119]
In popular culture
Amarillo has been mentioned in popular music such as George Strait's "
The Amarillo Film Commission is a division of the Amarillo Convention and Visitor Council that was created to provide film crews with locations and other assistance when filming in Amarillo.[122] Amarillo was the setting for many motion pictures, including Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Switchback 1997, and The Plutonium Circus, the 1995 South by Southwest Film Festival winner for best documentary feature. Amarillo was the title of the third episode of the second season of AMC's drama Better Call Saul, a spin-off of the hit drama Breaking Bad. The city played a part in the plot of the episode, as it was a location used by series protagonist Jimmy McGill to solicit clients.[123]
Infrastructure
Air transportation
Tradewind Airport is a public-use general aviation airport located in Randall County, 3 nautical miles (3.5 mi; 5.6 km) south of Amarillo's central business district. The airport covers 595 acres (241 ha) and has two asphalt-paved runways and one helipad.[125]
Buffalo Airport is a public-use general aviation airport located in Randall County, 9 nautical miles (10 mi; 17 km) south of Amarillo's central business district. The airport covers 40 acres (16 ha) and has two grass runways.[126]
Ground transportation
Local transit services in the city have been available since 1925 and have been provided through the City of Amarillo's Amarillo City Transit (ACT) department since 1966; before that time the system was privately owned. ACT operates bus services that include fixed route transit and demand response paratransit which are designed for people with disabilities. The ACT transports approximately 350,000 passengers per year on the fixed route and 30,000 paratransit passengers.[65]
Amarillo has no passenger rail service but remains an important part of the rail freight system. The last passenger train out of the city was the
The BNSF Railway complex in Amarillo continues to serve a heavy daily traffic load, approximately 100–110 trains per day.[127] The Union Pacific Railroad also sends substantial shipments to or through Amarillo. In addition to intermodal and general goods, a big portion of rail shipments involve grains and coal. There have been various proposals over the years to add passenger service. One, the Caprock Chief, would have seen daily service as part of a Fort Worth, Texas—Denver, Colorado service, but it failed to gain traction.
The streets in Amarillo's downtown area conform to a
In 1910, the Amarillo voters approved to pay for street paving and the materials used to pave the streets were bricks.[129] As of 2003, the city still has 16.2 miles (26.1 km) of brick streets in some parts of the downtown area. In 2002, the city spent $200,000 to restore one block of brick street on Ninth Avenue between Polk and Tyler streets.[130]
Major highways
Amarillo is served by two interstate highways:
Interstate 40, the city's major east–west thoroughfare was completed entirely through Amarillo in November 1968 across the center of the city. Previously, U.S. Highway 66 was the major east–west highway through the city, generally following Amarillo Boulevard to the north of the downtown area and then curving southwest to leave the city near the Veterans Hospital. A city route (which was an original alignment of US 66 through central and west Amarillo) followed Fillmore south into the downtown area and turned on West 6th through the San Jacinto Heights district which is now home to many antique shops, restaurants and other businesses, passing the Amarillo Country Club and veering onto West 9th Street and Bushland Boulevard before tying into the through route at a traffic circle near the Veterans Hospital. Loop 335 circles around Amarillo in all four directions and consists of four-lane roadway on its northeast and southwest quadrants and two-lane paving to the southeast and northwest.
Amarillo is also mentioned in the song "Route 66".
Future freeways
In 2015, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) published the plans for the all new Loop 335 freeway that encircles the city of Amarillo.[131] TxDOT has planned multiple multi-level interchanges that intersect with Interstate 40, Interstate 27, and U.S. 287 and 87. The first interchange, on the East side of Amarillo, is a multi-level interchange that provides access to both directions of the I-40 Expressway and Loop 335. On the northern side of Amarillo, the loop will be completely reconstructed to an Interstate-Grade freeway with complete grade separations and will be expanded to four lanes. It also includes a stack interchange that will connect the new freeway to the future I-27 Ports to Plains Corridor (Highway 287, 87).[132][133] I-27 in Southern Amarillo will be entirely reconstructed from Buffalo Stadium Rd. at the Canyon E-Way Interchange to Palo Duro Canyon State Park. It will accommodate six lanes at the mainlane bridge along with a complete stack interchange with direct connectors to and from I-27. Furthermore, another triple-level interchange will be built to accommodate Soncy Road, Helium Road, I-27 and the new loop.[133] Also, another new mainlane bridge that accommodates up to six lanes is also in the works for I-40 near Helium Rd. providing easier access to the new freeway.[134] Although construction started in 2016, the entire project, which includes converting the entire loop to Interstate Specifications, is not expected to be complete until 2024.[135][136]
Medical centers and hospitals
Amarillo is home to medical facilities including Baptist St. Anthony's and Northwest Texas Hospitals, the Don & Sybil Harrington Cancer Center, Bivins Memorial Nursing Home, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech School of Pharmacy, and Texas Panhandle Mental Health and Mental Retardation. All are located in the Harrington Regional Medical Center, the first specifically designated city hospital district in Texas.[137]
Baptist St. Anthony's, known locally as BSA, had some of its services listed on the U.S. News & World Report's "Top 50 Hospitals" from 2002 to 2005.[138] BSA was a result of a merger between the Texas Panhandle's first hospital, St Anthony's, with High Plains Baptist Hospital in 1996.[139] The BSA Hospice & Life Enrichment Center provides important services to the Amarillo area. The BSA facility, opened in 1985, was the first free-standing hospice west of the Mississippi River to be built and opened without debt.[140]
Northwest Texas Hospital is home to the area's only Level III designated trauma center.
The Thomas E. Creek Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center is located east of Harrington Regional Medical Center. The facility opened in 1940 and was renamed in 2005, honoring the 18-year-old Amarillo Marine who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.[141] Construction began in 2006 for a new Texas State Veterans Home in northwest Amarillo. The United States government, through the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, provided the funding to build the facility, while the Texas government will run it after construction is completed.[142] The Ussery-Roan Texas State Veterans Home opened in 2007.[143]
Utilities
Drinking water is provided by the City of Amarillo and its Utilities Division. Amarillo's water supply used to come from both from Lake Meredith and the Ogallala Aquifer. Due to the lake's low water level, water is now only supplied by the aquifer. Lake Meredith is located northeast of Amarillo and in 2005 it contained at least 114 billion US gallons (430,000,000 m3) of water. By 2011, lake levels had dropped so much due to the Texas drought that the Canadian River Municipal Water Authority voted to stop using it entirely.[144] Increased rainfall in recent years[when?] has helped the lake regain much of its volume.[145] Generally, the city's daily water production averages between 40–50 million US gallons (150,000–190,000 m3).[146]
Collection and disposal of the city's trash and garbage are the responsibilities of the City of Amarillo's Solid Waste Collection and Solid Waste Disposal Departments. Amarillo's non-hazardous solid waste is collected and disposed of through burial in the city's
See also
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Further reading
- Carlson, Paul H. (2006). Amarillo: The Story of a Western Town. Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 978-0-89672-587-4. An illustrated history of the Queen City of the Texas Panhandle.
External links
- City of Amarillo
- Amarillo Chamber of Commerce
- Amarillo Convention and Visitor Council Archived June 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- Amarillo Economic Development Corp.
- Amarillo Area Parks
- Amarillo Public Library Photoarchive Collection Archived June 21, 2006, at the Wayback Machine – Displays historical pictures of Amarillo and the Texas Panhandle