Daniel of Moscow
Daniel of Moscow | |
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Yurievichi Daniilovichi (founder) | |
Father | Alexander Nevsky |
Religion | Russian Orthodox Church |
Daniel of Moscow | |
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Born | 1261 Vladimir |
Died | 4 March 1303 |
Venerated in | Russian Orthodox Church |
Burial place | Cemetery of Danilov (Russian: Даниловское кладбище) |
Patronage | Russian Engineer Troops |
Daniil Aleksandrovich (Russian: Даниил Александрович; 1261 – 5 March 1303), also known as Daniil of Moscow,[2] was the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky and forefather of all Princes of Moscow.[3] His descendants are known as the Daniilovichi.[3]
Early life
Daniil was born in late 1261, at Vladimir on the Klyazma, capital of Vladimir-Suzdal. He was the fourth and youngest son of Alexander Nevsky and his second wife, Princess Vassa. He was named after Daniel the Stylite.[1]
His father Alexander died on 14 November 1263, when Daniil was only two years old. Of his father's patrimonies, he received the least valuable,
Government
Daniil has been credited with founding the first
Struggle for Vladimir
Daniil took part in his brothers'—
The Mongol warlords
Struggle for Pereslavl-Zalessky
After Dmitry's death in 1294, Daniil made an alliance with Mikhail of Tver and Ivan of Pereslavl-Zalessky (Dmitry's son) against Andrey of Gorodets of Novgorod, who was allied with the new khan Tokhta.[2] The main conflict in the following years would be over the question whether Andrey had the right to reign over Pereslavl-Zalessky as Grand Prince of Vladimir, or whether it was an appanage which was inherited from father (Dmitry) to son (Ivan Dmitrevich).[2] In the assembly of 1296 (or congress of 1297[6]), the Rus' princes as well as Tokhta's representative Nevrui (or Ivrui[6]) and the bishop of Sarai deliberated on the issue. Ivan Dmitrevich won the argument with the support of Mikhail of Tver and Daniil of Moscow, against Andrey, supported by Theodore (Feodor) of Yaroslavl and Konstantin of Ryazan.[2][6] Later in 1296, and again in 1298, Andrey unsuccessfully tried to seize Pereslavl-Zalessky by force anyway, but was repelled both times with the support of the Tverians and Muscovites.[7] It was the last time Moscow and Tver found themselves on the same side in a conflict.[6] The 14th century would be dominated by a fierce struggle for control of Vladimir-Suzdalia between the Muscovite Daniilovichi and the Tverian Yaroslavichi.[6]
Konstantin, the prince of
Final years
In 1301,
In 1302 his childless nephew and ally, Ivan of Pereslavl, bequeathed to Daniil all his lands, including Pereslavl-Zalessky.[citation needed]
Death
At the age of 42 on the 5 March 1303 Daniil died. He never became grand prince of Vladimir,[9] which meant that according to traditional Rus' succession practices, his son and successor Yury of Moscow had no legitimate claim to the throne of Vladimir.[9] This is why Khan Tokhta granted Mikhail of Tver the Vladimirian grand princely title when Andrey of Gorodets died the next year (27 July 1304).[9]
Canonisation
Before his death he became a monk and, according to his will, was buried in the cemetery of the St. Daniel Monastery. This was a common cemetery and by being buried there he was demonstrating humility. He was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1791 but only for local veneration.[10]
In the year 1330, the monastery was moved to Kremlin and the monastery was turned into a common parish. The cemetery became open to the public and his grave was lost. On August 30, 1652, many relics from Daniil of Moscow were found and were placed in a tomb in the Danilov Monastery in his honor.[11]
Marriage and children
His wife was named Maria. They had at least six children:
- Yury of Moscow (1281 – 21 September 1325).
- Aleksandr Daniilovich (died Autumn 1308).
- Boris Daniilovich, Prince of Kostroma (died 1320).
- Afanasy Daniilovich, Prince of Novgorod(died 1322).
- Fedora Daniilovna. Married Yaroslav Romanovich, Prince of Ryazan(died 1299).
- Ivan I of Moscow (1288 – 31 March 1340).
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See also
References
- ^ ISSN 0869-5687.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Martin 2007, p. 191.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, p. 487.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 189–191.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 190.
- ^ a b c d e Halperin 1987, p. 71.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 191–192.
- ^ "Clipping from the Laurentian Codex about the prince Daniile Alexandrovich Moskovsky", Informarus
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, p. 193.
- ^ "Right-Believing Prince Daniel of Moscow", Orthodox Church in America
- ^ "St. Daniel of Moscow – the peace-loving prince". New York City Deanary. Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. 2015-03-17. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
Bibliography
- Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. p. 222. ISBN 9781850430575. (e-book).
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.