Deheubarth
Kingdom of Deheubarth Teyrnas Deheubarth (Welsh) | |||||||||||
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920–1197 | |||||||||||
Anthem: Unbennaeth Prydain "The Monarchy of Britain"[1][2][3] | |||||||||||
Capital | Dinefwr | ||||||||||
Common languages | Old Welsh | ||||||||||
Government | monarchy | ||||||||||
• 920–950 | Hywel Dda | ||||||||||
• 1081 | Rhys ap Tewdwr | ||||||||||
• 1155–1197 | Rhys ap Gruffydd | ||||||||||
Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||
• Established | 920 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1197 | ||||||||||
Currency | ceiniog cwta | ||||||||||
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Today part of |
Deheubarth (Welsh pronunciation:
History
Deheubarth was united around 920 by
After the high-water mark set by Hywel, Dinefwr was repeatedly overrun. First, by the Welsh of the north and east: by
Following the death of Henry I, in 1136 Gruffydd formed an alliance with Gwynedd for the purpose of a revolt against Norman incursions. He took part in Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd's victory over the Normans at Crug Mawr. The newly liberated region of Ceredigion, though, was not returned to his family but annexed by Owain.
The long and capable rule of Gruffydd's son the
Following the conquest of Wales by Edward I, the South was divided into the historic counties of Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire by the Statute of Rhuddlan.
Religion
In the arena of the church,
List of rulers
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2022) |
The kingdom of Deheubarth was formed by the union of the kingdoms of Ceredigion, Seisyllwg and Dyfed. Ceredigion was absorbed into Seisyllwg and Dyfed was merged with Seisyllwg to form Deheubarth in 909.
Ceredigion
- Ceredig ap Cunedda (424–453)[9][10][11]
- Usai (453–490)
- Serwyl (490–525)
- Boddw (525–560)
- Arthfoddw (560–595)
- Arthlwys (595–630)
- Clydog I (630–665)
Dyfed
- Ednyfed - realm also included the Caer-Went part of Gwent (his brother received the remainder)
- Clotri
- Triffyn Farfog
- Aergol Lawhir (?-c. 515)
- Vortiporius (c. 540)
- Arthur ap Pedr
- Cloten (c. 630) married Ceindrech of Brycheiniog, uniting the two kingdoms of Dyfed and Brycheiniog
- Rhain ap Cadwgan (c. 690-740) - also king of Brycheiniog. On his death, his kingdoms were divided again by his sons.
- Tewdwr ap Rhain
- Maredudd ap Tewdws (c. 740–797)
- Rhain ap Maredudd (c. 797–808)
- Owain ap Maredudd (c. 808–810)
- Triffyn ap Rhain (?-c. 814)
- Hyfaidd
- Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (c. 893-904)
- Rhodri ap Hyfaidd (c. 904-905)
- Hywel Dda ("Hywel the Good") (c. 905-909), an invader from Seisllywg who conquered Dyfed (but later chronicles claim he acquired it by marrying Llywarch's daughter)
Seisyllwg
- Seisyll ap Clydog, prince of Ceredigion (eponym and possibly founder of Seisyllwg)[12]
- Arthen (?-807)[12]
- Dyfnwallon[13]
- Meurig of Seisyllwg
- Gwgon of Seisyllwg(?-c. 870/871)
House Manaw
- Cadell ap Rhodri, second son of Anghared and Rhodri (872–909)[9]
- Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (909-920) - he ruled Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter merged it with Dyfed into Deheubarth
Deheubarth
- Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (920–950)[11]
- His son, Owain ap Hywel (950–986)
- Rhodri ap Hywel (950–953) and
- Edwin ap Hywel (950–954)
- Owain ap Hywel's son, Maredudd ab Owain (986–999)
- Cynan ap Hywel, prince of Gwynedd (999–1005)
- the sons of Einion ab Owain (brother of Maredudd ab Owain), who ruled jointly:
- Edwin ab Einion (1005–1018)
- Cadell ab Einion (1005–1018)
- Llywelyn ap Seisyll, prince of Gwynedd (1018–1023)
- Rhydderch ap Iestyn, prince of Glywysing (1023–1033)
- Edwin ab Einion's son, Hywel ab Edwin (1033–1044)
- Rhydderch ap Iestyn's son, Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (1047–1055)
- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1055–1063)
- Edwin ab Einion's grandson, Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin (1063–1072)
- his brother, Rhys ab Owain (1072–1078)
- his second cousin, Rhys ap Tewdwr (1078–1093)
Deheubarth was in the possession of the
- Gruffydd ap Rhys (1116–1137) ruled a portion of Deheubarth with Norman permission
- his son, Anarawd ap Gruffydd (1136–1143)
- his brother, Cadell ap Gruffydd (1143–1151)
- his brother, Maredudd ap Gruffydd (1151–1155)
- his brother, The Lord Rhys(Rhys ap Gruffydd) (1155–1197)
- his son, Gruffydd ap Rhys (1197–1201) who for a time ruled jointly with his brother,
- Maelgwn ap Rhys (1199–1230) who disputed the territory with his brother,
- Rhys the Hoarse (Rhys Gryg) (1216–1234)
From 1234 to 1283, Deheubarth was subject to the princes of Gwynedd
- Rhys the Hoarse's son, Rhys Mechyll (1234–1244) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
- his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys (1244–1271) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
- his son, Rhys ap Maredudd (1271–1283) ruled a portion of Deheubarth
See also
- Goronwy Foel
- House of Dinefwr
- List of Welsh kings
References
- Wade-Evans, Arthur. Welsh Medieval Law. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 1 Feb 2013.
- ^ Bradley, A.G. Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence. G.P. Putnam's Sons (New York), 1901. Accessed 1 Feb 2013.
- ^ Jenkins, John. Poetry of Wales Archived 2008-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. Houlston & Sons (London), 1873. Accessed 1 Feb 2013.
- ^ The orientation of Medieval maps and geographical thinking was towards the east. Facing east, north was thus on the "left-hand" side and south on the right.
- ^ Ellis, Thos. P. Welsh Tribal Law & Custom in the Middle Ages Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. I, iii, §3. 1926. Accessed 1 February 2013.
- Wade-Evans, Arthur. Welsh Medieval Laws. Oxford Uni., 1909. Accessed 31 January 2013.
- ^ Williams, Jane. A History of Wales. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Accessed 1 February 2013.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23462. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ a b c A history of Wales
- ^ The Cambrian
- ^ a b c Encyclopaedia of Wales
- ^ a b Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 257 and note. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
Lloyd history of Wales.
- ^ Heritage Consulting. Millennium File [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003.
- The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2008 ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6