Diplocardia longa

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Diplocardia longa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Clade: Sedentaria
Class: Clitellata
Order: Opisthopora
Suborder: Lumbricina
Family: Acanthodrilidae
Genus: Diplocardia
Species:
D. longa
Binomial name
Diplocardia longa
Moore, 1904

Diplocardia longa is a species of

type locality is Hawkinsville, Georgia.[1] This worm has bioluminescent properties; its body fluids and the sticky slime it exudes when stimulated emit a bluish glow.[2]

Description

Diplocardia longa can grow to a length of about 275 mm (11 in) when moderately extended and a diameter of 5 millimetres (0.20 in) at segment 7 and 4 millimetres (0.16 in) behind the clitellum. The number of segments varies between about 270 and 330. It is slender and cylindrical, slightly tapering at both ends. At the posterior end it swells slightly into a club-shape before narrowing to the anal opening. The two ends of the worm are brown, the clitellum reddish-brown and the rest of the body is a rather dull salmon pink. The skin is translucent and the veins can be seen distinctly in the less-pigmented regions.[1]

Bioluminescence

This worm produces bioluminescent mucus, its family Acanthodrilidae being one of three families of oligochaetes that exhibit bioluminescence. The light is produced in the coelomic fluid and is emitted when a luciferin called N-isovaleryl-3-amino-propanal is acted on by a peroxidase-like luciferase.[2] This is a copper-containing protein which reacts with the hydrogen peroxide that is produced by another enzyme in the presence of oxygen. Strong stimulation of the worm causes fluid to be exuded from the worm's mouth, dorsal pores and anus. Light is emitted by certain large cells in this fluid when they rupture, and the worm is visible as a dark silhouette against the luminous slime.[3] It has been suggested that when the worm is attacked by a predator such as the eastern mole, it can writhe and squirm and produce the slime, perhaps causing the mole to retreat from the bright light while the worm escapes.[4]

References

  1. ^
    JSTOR 4062969
    .
  2. ^ a b Viviani, Vadim (2009-02-17). "Terrestrial bioluminescence". Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  3. ISBN 978-0-674-07191-9
    .
  4. ^ Wagg, Jeff. "The eerie earthworms of Hawkinsville, Georgia". Retrieved 2014-11-28.
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