Donald S. Fredrickson

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Donald S. Fredrickson
Donald S. Fredrickson in 1961
11th Director of the National Institutes of Health
In office
July 1, 1975 – June 30, 1981
President
Preceded byRobert Stone
Succeeded byJames Wyngaarden
Personal details
Born
Donald Sharp Fredrickson

(1924-08-08)August 8, 1924
Canon City, Colorado
DiedJune 7, 2002(2002-06-07) (aged 77)
Bethesda, Maryland
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Michigan
Scientific career
FieldsLipid metabolism
Institutions

Donald Sharp "Don" Fredrickson (August 8, 1924 – June 7, 2002) was an American medical researcher, principally of the lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and director of National Institutes of Health and subsequently the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.[1]

Biography

Fredrickson was born in

the Netherlands he met his future wife, Priscilla Eekhof, and they married two years later. They had two sons.[1]

Between 1949 and 1952 he worked as a resident and subsequently as a fellow in

Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now part of Brigham and Women's Hospital) in Boston. Much of his published work from this period is in the field of endocrinology. Subsequently he spent a year in the laboratory of Ivan Frantz, a cholesterol biochemist, at Massachusetts General Hospital.[1]

Lipid research

In 1953 he took up a post at the

APOC3.[1]

In 1967 Fredrickson co-authored the paper that described the classification of lipoprotein abnormalities in five types, depending on the pattern of lipoprotein

Fredrickson classification.[3] It was adopted as the mondial standard by the World Health Organization in 1972.[1] His group also conducted the first trials of pharmacological cholesterol reduction in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.[1]

Textbooks

From 1960 he worked, with

John Stanbury and James Wyngaarden, on several editions of the encyclopedic medical textbook The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease.[1][4]

Directorships

Fredrickson at NIH in 1976

Apart from his work in research, Fredrickson was involved in the management of the NHI from an early stage. He was clinical director from 1960 onward and from 1966 general director of NHI. In 1974 he left the NHI (then already the National Heart and Lung Institute) to head the

National Academy of Sciences. Nine months later he was asked by president Gerald Ford to become head of the National Institutes of Health, a task he commenced on 1975-06-01.[1]

One of the main issues that occupied him was the controversy over research involving recombinant DNA. Already in 1973 there had been scientists urging a ban on such research for environmental reasons. Fredrickson released a guideline that restricted release of genetically modified organisms into the environment, and called into existence a body that would advise on these matters and had to approve any NIH research involving recombinant DNA technology. Fredrickson is credited with restoring confidence in this form of research.[1] A second controversy involved congressional control over the NIH in general. Some feel that Fredrickson's decision to resign from his position in 1981 was fuelled by these controversies.[1] The recombinant DNA controversy was the subject of a book published by Fredrickson in 2001.[5]

After 1981 Fredrickson was scholar-in-residence at the

National Academy of Sciences for two years, but in 1983 he was recruited to become the vice-president of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a privately run health research charity. At that stage, the institute was still the owner of the Hughes Aircraft Company, and Fredrickson participated in the negotiations that led to the sale (for $5.2 billion) to General Motors. He made substantial changes to the institute's research programme. He resigned in 1987 when the trustees of the institute discovered that there had been financial malversations under his presidency.[1]

Later years

Fredrickson returned to the NIH, resuming work on lipid diseases and writing for the

National Library of Medicine. He participated in the genetic elucidation of Tangier disease, which he had himself described in the 1960s.[1][6]

He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.[7][8][9]

He was personal physician to Hassan II of Morocco, and had a close personal friendship with the king until the latter's death in 1999.[1]

He was found dead, face-down, in his

the Netherlands.[1]

His papers are held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.[10]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-309-09579-4. Fulltext. Reprinted from Proc Am Phil Soc 2004;148(3):382-393. PDF Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
    .
  2. ^ Fredrickson DS, Altrocchi PH, Avioli LV, Goodman DS, Goodman HC. Tangier disease. Ann Intern Med 1961;55:1016-1031.
  3. PMID 5333081
    .
  4. ^ Stanbury JB, Wyngaarden JB, Fredrickson DS (Eds). The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease. New York, Toronto, and London: McGraw-Hill, 1960.
  5. ISBN 1-55581-222-8
    .
  6. PMID 10535983
    .
  7. ^ "Donald S. Fredrickson". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  8. ^ "Donald Sharp Fredrickson". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  9. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  10. ^ "Donald S. Fredrickson Papers 1910-2002 (bulk 1960-1999)". National Library of Medicine.

External links

Government offices
Preceded by 11th Director of National Institutes of Health
1975 – 1981 		Succeeded by
James B. Wyngaarden
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