Draft:Mark Kotter

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Mark Kotter
Born
Mark Reinhard Kotter

(1971-02-14) February 14, 1971 (age 53)
Calgary, Canada
NationalityAustrian, Canadian
Alma materUniversity of Graz, University of Cambridge
Known forcell programming, degenerative cervical myelopathy
Scientific career
FieldsBiology, Neurosciences, Medicine
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge, bit.bio, clock.bio, Myelopathy.org, Meatable
Thesis Macrophages and CNS Remyelination
Doctoral advisorRobin Franklin
Websitehttps://www.stemcells.cam.ac.uk/people/affiliates/kotter

Mark Kotter (born February 14, 1971) is a neurosurgeon, biologist, and entrepreneur.

Kotter made seminal contributions to the importance of

macrophages for brain regeneration,[1] His work on cell programming includes the development of opti-ox (optimized inducible overexpression).[2][3] It has become the scientific basis of bit.bio, and Meatable, which he co-founded. Kotter's scientific contributions to the field of Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) range from the diagnosis to the aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of DCM.[4]

Kotter is the founder and CEO of cell coding company bit.bio,

human cells"[6] and cell therapy. Additionally, he co-founded Meatable, a company focused on cultured meat production, and is the scientific founder of Clock.bio, a rejuvenation company. He also co-founded Myelopathy.org, a charity supporting individuals with Degenerative cervical myelopathy.[7]

Early life and education

Kotter was born in

Stem Cell Institute as a principal investigator. Following sub-specialist training in complex spinal neurosurgery at the University of Toronto with Michael Fehlings, he established his neurosurgery practice and research laboratory at the University of Cambridge's Department of Clinical Neurosciences.[9]

Research

Kotter was among the first to recognise the role of

macrophages in brain regeneration, a discovery that spurred the first regenerative medicine trial for Degenerative cervical myelopathy.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

Over the past decade, he has developed opti-ox,

oligodendrocytes. He and his colleagues ultimately found a way to circumvent the gene silencing, by introducing the genetic instructions into "safe harbors" in the genome.[18] Their patented technique is known as opti-ox,[2] which stands for "optimised inducible over-expression[24]
".

bit.bio

In 2016, Kotter founded it as Elpis Biomed, the company's name later changed to bit.bio to give a clearer indication of its function in cell coding: "bit" refers to the smallest building block in coding, while "bio" refers to the live cells that are being reprogrammed.

board members include Hermann Hauser and Sir Gregory Winter, with Dr. Roger Pedersen[30] serving as the chief scientific advisor. In 2023, bit.bio partnered with BlueRock Therapeutics,[31] a Bayer subsidiary, to develop regulatory T cell therapies
.

Myelopathy.org

In 2015, Kotter co-founded Myelopathy.org[7] with neurosurgeon Ben Davies[32] and patient Iwan Sadler.[33] The charity is dedicated to supporting individuals with Degenerative cervical myelopathy[10] by enhancing patient advocacy and clinical practices. Myelopathy.org received the Points of Light Award from the British Prime Minister in February 2020.[34] Dr. Kotter is also a member of the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Spinal Cord Injury[35] and leads several international initiatives, including the RECODE-DCM project.[36]

Meatable

In 2018, Kotter co-founded

stem cells
, addressing environmental concerns associated with traditional agriculture.

Clock.bio

Kotter launched clock.bio

pluripotent stem cells. The company is founded on the insight that hiPSCs can be force-aged to display the hallmarks of ageing.[41] This triggers self-rejuvenation mechanisms which can be interrogated for the identification of gene candidates that are causally relevant for cell rejuvenation. Comprehensive genome-wide CRISPR screens result in a comprehensive 'atlas of rejuvenation genes'.[41]

Awards

References

  1. PMID 11494411
    .
  2. ^ a b Spencer, Diana (August 1, 2023). "bit.bio secures foundational US patent for opti-ox". Drug Discovery World (DDW).
  3. ^ "Forbes Meet The Company Democratizing Access To Human Cells". Forbes.
  4. ^ "Mark Kotter". scholar.google.com.
  5. ^ "Synthetic Biology for Human Health | Cells Reprogrammed | bit.bio". www.bit.bio.
  6. ^ "Elpis BioMed: Mastering the art of reprogramming human cells". July 19, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM)". MYELOPATHY.ORG.
  8. PMID 38381404
    .
  9. ^ "Author: Mark Kotter". Cambridge Neuroscience.
  10. ^ a b https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/muscle-bone-and-joints/conditions/degenerative-cervical-myelopathy/
  11. PMID 11494411
    .
  12. PMID 15649707
    .
  13. PMID 16399703
    .
  14. ^ "Myelin-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation can be overcome by pharmacological modulation of Fyn-RhoA and protein kinase C signalling".
  15. PMID 26687980
    .
  16. PMID 36882259
    .
  17. ^ Kotter, Mark R. (December 24, 2021). "Regeneration in Cervical Degenerative Myelopathy (RECEDE)".
  18. ^
    PMID 28344001
    .
  19. ^ "Controllable transcription".
  20. ^ "Introducing bit bio — coding cells, the building blocks of life". October 15, 2019.
  21. ^ a b "Marius Wernig | Stanford Medicine". CAP Profiles.
  22. ^ "Synthetic Biology Matures, Promising Affordable And Personalized Treatments".
  23. PMID 20107439
    .
  24. ^ Cumbers, John. "Meet The Company Democratizing Access To Human Cells". Forbes.
  25. ^ "Proactive - Proactive financial news: fast, accessible, and actionable articles and videos for the global investment audience. - Companies". Proactiveinvestors UK.
  26. ^ "Cambridge Independent: Elpis BioMed: Mastering the art of reprogramming human cells". July 19, 2019.
  27. ^ "Innovations in Pharmaceutical Technology (IPT) Coding of Cell Identity".
  28. ^ "Forbes Meet The Company Reprogramming The Future Of Synthetic Biology". Forbes.
  29. ^ "European Biotechnology feature: Biology as Software" (PDF).
  30. ^ Pedersen, Professor Roger (May 7, 2014). "Professor Roger Pedersen". www.cardiovascular.cam.ac.uk.
  31. ^ "Home". BlueRock Therapeutics LP. May 30, 2024.
  32. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Benjamin-Davies-11#:~:text=About&text=Benjamin%20Marshall%20Davies%20currently%20works,in%20particular%20Degenerative%20Cervical%20Myelopathy.
  33. ^ Sadler, Iwan (October 24, 2022). "Interview with Iwan Sadler".
  34. ^ McBride, Jake (February 26, 2020). "Myelopathy". Points of Light.
  35. ^ "AO Spine Knowledge Forum Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)". www.aofoundation.org.
  36. ^ "AO Spine RECODE-DCM". www.aofoundation.org.
  37. ^ https://www.crunchbase.com/person/krijn-de-nood
  38. ^ "Daan Luining". Kind Earth.Tech.
  39. ^ "clock.bio | Home". clock.bio.
  40. ^ "clock.bio Launches to Decode Rejuvenation Biology Across the Human Genome | Business Wire".
  41. ^ a b Kotter, Mark (August 30, 2023). "A white paper for rejuvenation therapies and blueprint for clock.bio".
  42. ^ "bit.bio CEO wins in 2 categories at Great British Entrepreneur Awards". www.bit.bio.
  43. ^ "bit.bio named Emerging Star at European Mediscience Awards 2022". www.bit.bio.
  44. ^ "EY Entrepreneur Of The Year™ Finalists". www.ey.com.
  45. ^ "bit.bio wins twice at cambridge independent science and technology awards". www.bit.bio.
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