Dysart, Fife
Dysart
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A view of Dysart harbour with Harbourmaster's House and the remains of St Serf's Church being visible to the north-east | |
Location within Fife | |
OS grid reference | NT305935 |
Council area | |
Lieutenancy area | |
Country | Scotland |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | KIRKCALDY |
Postcode district | KY1 |
Dialling code | 01592 |
Police | Scotland |
Fire | Scottish |
Ambulance | Scottish |
Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath | |
Scottish Parliament | |
Dysart (
The first record of the town was made in the early 13th century, its initial role being to settle civil matters between the church and landowners. During the middle of the 15th century, trade with the
Following the sudden decline of the town's harbour caused by the closure of the Lady Blanche Pit, the town was amalgamated into the royal burgh of Kirkcaldy under an act of parliament in 1930. Urban clearance during the 1950s and 1960s saw large parts of the historic town demolished for new housing. Demand from the town's residents meant that part of the historic town — most notably the 16th-century and the 18th-century houses of Pan Ha' opposite the harbour — were salvaged and preserved for future generations.
History
The name of the town derives from the Scottish Gaelic, dìseart, meaning "a hermitage or religious retreat", which itself was a loan-word from the Latin, desertum, meaning "a desert or deserted place".[2] This is most likely linked to Saint Serf, who lived as a hermit in a cave in the area in the 8th century.[3]
Prior to the 16th century, little is known about the history of the town.[4] The earliest record of the town's existence is a document about a papal decision between Dysart Kirk and Dunfermline Abbey in 1220.[4][5] Another record followed in 1245, this time about the reconsecration of Dysart Kirk undertaken by David de Bernham of St Andrews.[6] The initial role of the town, like many communities in Scotland, was to serve the church and landowners by resolving civic matters and dealing individually with property issues.[7][8]
The first port has been said to date as far back as 1450. This helped the export of coal and salt with the town's trading partner, the Low Countries. A man-made harbour was eventually built, but could only be used at low tide with limited space.[9] The damage caused by the jetty which was commonly known as the "east haven of Dysart" temporarily cut short the function of the east pier in the mid-17th century.[9] The harbour was later extensively rebuilt in 1829-31 with the assistance of Robert Stephenson, to include an inner basin with a nearby quarry at the harbour head and an extension of the east pier which would be raised and pointed southwards.[10][11]
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the town went through hard times with many residents, particularly skippers, being killed in the wars of covenanting (1644–1645) and the five-year occupation of
In the 1920s, the owners of the harbour, the Earl of Rossyln's Coal Company, put pressure on the town council to deepen the harbour for use of larger ships.
Dysart Golf Club (now defunct) was founded in 1897. The club and course closed at the time of WW2.[19]
Today, Dysart is considered to be a north-eastern suburb of Kirkcaldy and the village forms one of 48 conservation areas in Fife. Important landmarks in the village include the Dutch influenced houses on Pan Ha'; the six-storey St Serf's Church Tower; Dysart Tolbooth and the Francis Collery gearhead which is situated on the northern boundaries. An £11 million pound scheme has been started by The Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI) and Conservation Area Grants Scheme (CARS) to regenerate Dysart over a period of five years, due to be completed in 2014. This will include repairing historic buildings and structures such as Dysart Tolbooth and Dysart Harbour as well as providing new housing and meeting environmental needs.[20]
Church
The pre-Reformation church in Dysart was dedicated to
A second Free Church was built in 1874 designed by Campbell Douglas.[22]
Parish ministers: Robert Danielston (1560–1565); Andrew Forester (1565–1574); George Scott (1574–1582); John Young (1582–1584); Thomas Wood (1584); William Murray (1584–1616); William Nairn (1616–1630); James Wilson (1643–1661); John Robertson (1661–62); John Anderson of Balram (1663–1707); David Pitcairn (1708–1757); Patrick Muirhead DD (1757–1807); his son George Muirhead (1807–1816); Peter Brotherston (1816–1828); David Murray (1828–1850); William Muir (1850–1864); James Simpson (1865–1901) blind; John Waugh Gibson, second charge (1865–1906); Hugh Menzies (1907–?).[23]
Governance
The Sinclair or St Clair family have held the position of feudal superiors or barons of the burgh of the estate of Dysart since 1407.[6][10] They were responsible for gaining
Originally St Serf's Church was the meeting place of the town council, until this moved to Dysart Town House in 1877. The provost and town council met at this location once a week right up to the time of the loss of royal burgh status, when the town was amalgamated into Kirkcaldy in 1930.[25] The town's former coat of arms was represented by an oak tree. This stood for the memory of the three trees planted in Dysart wood for the three Sinclair brothers. According to the tale, one night in the woods, the brothers were robbed and then killed each other. The site of Dysart Wood is most probably Ravenscraig Park.[26]
Landmarks
The whole of Dysart is a
Other significant landmarks in the town include the 16th and 18th century painted dwellings on Pan Ha'; the six-storey St Serf's church tower and the harbour. Pan Ha', or to give the full title, Pan Haugh, means low-lying ground of the salt pans - hence the expression, "to carry saut to Dysart".[32] Many of the houses have been restored by the National Trust for Scotland between 1968 and 1969 under the "little houses scheme".[27][33] During the restoration of the former Bay Horse Inn at Pan Ha', once the residence of a son of Lord Sinclair, two renaissance painted ceilings were discovered and are still retained by Historic Scotland.[34] The Duke of Holstein visited the Sinclair house in 1598.[35]
St Serf's church tower on Shore Road dates from around 1500, is considered to be one of Scotland's finest examples of a battlemented church tower.[36] This is the only remaining part of St Serf's Church, which was abandoned in 1802 and largely cleared away for the building of Shore Road in 1807.[17][36]
The red headgear of the Francis Colliery is a landmark marking the northern boundaries of the town.[17][32][36]
Dysart House, formerly the seat of the Earl of Rossyln, overlooks the harbour. The earliest section of the house is the south range built for General James St Clair between 1755 and 1756, for which it is believed that the Adam Brothers provided the chimney pieces and the design. The house was extended between 1808 and 1814 to include new rear wings.[37] The three-storey harbourmaster's house in the grounds of the harbour dates from around 1840.[38] Originally known as the shore house, this was used to store cargo from incoming ships, before being used by the harbourmaster.[38] Today, the house is home to the headquarters of the Fife Countryside and Coast Trust and also has a bistro, shop and provides internet access.
Notable residents
- Robert Beatson
- Lady Angela Forbes
- Rev George Muirhead
- John Pitcairn
- William Pitcairn
- Sir Norman Walker
- William Wallace (mathematician)
- John McDouall Stuart, explorer
See also
References
Notes
- ^ "Scottish Parliament Gaelic Placenames C-E" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2007. Retrieved on 3 August 2008
- ^ "Dysart". Fife Place-name Data. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- )
- ^ a b Kirkcaldy District Council Community Programme, Dysart, pp.5–6.
- ^ Swan and McNeill, Dysart – A Royal Burgh p.76.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Eunson Old Dysart and East Kirkcaldy pp.3–4.
- ^ Robert Brodie (1863). Historical Sketches of Pathhead and Vicinity. Kirkcaldy District Council.
- ^ Swan, Jim and McNeill, Carol Dysart – A Royal Burgh p.12.
- ^ a b Swan, Jim and McNeill, Carol Dysart: A Royal Burgh p.17.
- ^ a b c d Swan, Jim and McNeill, Carol Dysart – A Royal Burgh pp.11–14.
- ^ Eunson Old Dysart and East Kirkcaldy
- ^ a b Pearson, John M. Around Kirkcaldy pp.24–25.
- ^ Swan, Jim and McNeill, Carol Dysart: A Royal Burgh
- ISBN 978-1-84588-386-7.
- ^ PMID 22276330.
- ISBN 9781135360801.
- ^ a b c d e "Dysart Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan" (PDF). Fife Council. April 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ^ a b Swan, Jim and McNeill, Carol Dysart – A Royal Burgh pp.28–29.
- ^ "Dysart Golf Club", "Golf’s Missing Links".
- ^ "Dysart Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI)" (PDF). April 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Fasti Ecclesistae Scotia p.85
- ^ "Dysart Parish Church - Kirkcaldy and Dysart, Fife - Places of Worship in Scotland | SCHR". www.scottishchurches.org.uk. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ Fasti Ecclesistae Scotia p.87
- ^ Omand The Fife Book
- ^ a b Swan and McNeill, Dysart: A Royal Burgh p.113.
- ^ Fife Council, Kirkcaldy's History, Its Places and Its Famous Folk, p.12.
- ^ a b c Walker and Ritchie, Fife, Perthshire and Angus – 2nd edition pp.84–85.
- ^ Civic Society, Kirkcaldy Remembered p.119.
- ^ Civic Society, Kirkcaldy – A History and Celebration p.18.
- ^ a b Dysart Trust, The Dysart Trail pp.2–4.
- ^ Pride, Kingdom of Fife p.61.
- ^ a b Dysart Trust, The Dysart Trail p.8.
- ^ Gifford Fife – The Buildings of Scotland pp.260–261.
- ^ Bath, Michael, Renaissance Decorative Painting (NMS: Edinburgh, 2003), p. 247.
- Robert Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1858), p. 297
- ^ a b c Lamont-Brown Fife in History and Legend p.150.
- ^ Gifford Fife – Buildings of Scotland pp.288–291.
- ^ a b Swan and McNeill Dysart: A Royal Burgh p.23.
Bibliography
- Jim Swan and Carol McNeill (1997). Dysart: A Royal Burgh. The Dysart Trust. ISBN 0-9530213-0-0.
- Eunson, Eric (1998). Old Dysart and East Kirkcaldy. Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 1-84033-051-1.
- Walker and Ritchie (1997). Fife, Perthshire and Angus.
- Cummingham, And S. Dysart: Past and Present. Scottish Temperance Life Assurance Company.
- Muir, William,. ed., Notices of the Local Records of Dysart, Maitland Club (1853)
External links
- Gazetteer for Scotland entry for Dysart
- National Archives record on "Dysart and Ravenscraig Barony", and records for Dysart Burgh, Dysart Parish Church, Dysart Parish Hearse Society, and Dysart Parish Horticultural Society
- The Fife Coastal Path website
- Harbourmaster's House website
- Dysart on FifeDirect
- Fife Placenames entry
- Media related to Dysart, Fife at Wikimedia Commons