Eduardo Mondlane
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2014) |
Eduardo Mondlane | |
---|---|
Chairman of the Mozambique Liberation Front | |
In office September 1962 – 3 February 1969 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Samora Machel |
Personal details | |
Born | Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane 20 June 1920 Nwajahani, Mandlakazi, Portuguese Mozambique |
Died | 3 February 1969[1] Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | (aged 48)
Political party | Mozambican Liberation Front |
Alma mater | |
Occupation | |
Profession | Anthropologist |
Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane (20 June 1920 – 3 February 1969) was the President of the
Early life
The fourth of 16 sons of a chief of the
He attended several different primary schools before enrolling in a Swiss–
In June 1950, Mondlane attended the University of Lisbon, in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. By Mondlane's request, he was transferred to the United States, where he attended Oberlin College in Ohio at the age of 31, under a Phelps Stokes scholarship. Mondlane enrolled at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio, in 1951, starting as a junior, and in 1953 he obtained a degree in anthropology and sociology. He continued his studies at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Mondlane earned an MA (1955), and then a PhD (1960) under the supervision of Melville J. Herskovits on the subject of "Role conflict, reference group, and race".
In 1956, he married Janet Rae Johnson, a white American woman from Indiana whom he met at a Methodist Youth conference."[5]
Anthropology career
Mondlane began working in 1957 as research officer in the Trusteeship Department of the United Nations which enabled him to travel to Africa and work on a PhD dissertation at Northwestern University.[6] His dissertation, under Herskovits' supervision, was in the "liberal" tradition of Franz Boas.[7]
He concluded his PhD in 1960 and resigned from his United Nations position in 1961 to be allowed to participate in political activism. He took up a teaching position at
Political activism
After graduation, Eduardo Mondlane became a United Nations official. One of
Death
In 1969, a book containing a bomb was sent to Mondlane at the FRELIMO Headquarters in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It exploded when he opened the package in the house of an American friend, Betty King, killing him.[9] Various parties have been implicated as potentially responsible for his assassination, including rivals within FRELIMO, Tanzanian politicians, the Portuguese secret service, and Aginter Press.[10] Former International and State Defense Police (PIDE) Agent Oscar Cardoso claims that PIDE Agent Casimiro Monteiro planted the bomb that killed Eduardo Mondlane.[citation needed]
Legacy and homages
Mondlane's death was mourned at a funeral in 1969 which was officiated by his
By the early 1970s, FRELIMO's 7,000-strong guerrilla force had wrested control of some countryside areas of the central and northern parts of Mozambique from the Portuguese authorities. The independentist guerrilla was engaging a Portuguese force of approximately 60,000 military, which was almost all concentrated in the area of
Mondlane's wife Janet Rae Johnson served in various government positions, and his daughter Nyeleti Mondlane became Minister of Youth and Sports and later of Gender, Children and Social Action.
Eduardo Mondlane University
In 1975, the Universidade de Lourenço Marques founded by the Portuguese and given the name of the capital of Portugal's
Eduardo Mondlane Lecture Series
Works
- Eduardo Mondlane, The Struggle for Mozambique. 1969, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
- Helen Kitchen, "Conversations with Eduardo Mondlane", in Africa Report, No. 12 (November 1967), p. 51.
- George Roberts. “The Assassination of Eduardo Mondlane: FRELIMO, Tanzania, and the Politics of Exile in Dar es Salaam.” Cold War History 17:1 (February 2017): 1-19. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2016.1246542.
- Robert, Faris, Liberating Mission in Mozambique. Faith and Revolution in the Life of Eduardo Mondlane, Eugene OR: Pickwick, 2014.
References
- ^ "In memory of Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane '53". Alumni News & Notes. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^ "Eduardo Mondlane | South African History Online". Sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- ^ "Eduardo Mondlane: The man behind Mozambique's unity". Deutsche Welle.
- ^ Cossa, Jose. 2012. "Reviving the Memory of Eduardo Mondlane in Syracuse: Links between Syracuse and a Mozambican Liberation Leader," Peace Newsletter #819 (November–December), pp. 11–12. Syracuse Peace Council.
- ^ Faris, Robert, Liberating Mission in Mozambique. Faith and Revolution in the Life of Eduardo Mondlane., Eugene OR: Pickwick, 2014.
- ^ "Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane '53". Oberlin.edu. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- ^ Silvério Ronguane,90 Anos depois do seu nascimento. 41 anos depois da sua morte! Toda verdade sobre Mondlane,Dondza Editora, 2010.
- ISBN 978-0-521-58596-5
- ^ João Vaz de Almada, "Moçambique tem de descobrir Eduardo Mondlane", Verdade, 31 January 2009.
- ^ "H-Diplo Article Review 707 on "The Assassination of Eduardo Mondlane: FRELIMO, Tanzania, and the Politics of Exile in Dar es Salaam." | H-Diplo | H-Net". networks.h-net.org. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ^ [1] Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine