Eno people
Eno | |
---|---|
Total population | |
Extinct as tribe Native American religion | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Shakori,[1] Catawba[1] |
The Eno or Enoke, also called Stuckenock, was an
Name
While the exact meaning of the Eno people's name is unknown, the anthropologist Frank Speck suggested the synonym Haynokes, as recorded by Francis Yeardley in 1654, could relate the meaning to i'nare, "to dislike" or yeⁿni'nare, "people disliked".[1] Linguist Blair A. Rudes later alternatively proposed that Eno derives from ènu, the Catawba word for "little crow".[3]
History
The Enos were first mentioned in historic documents by
The village of "Œnock" in the Piedmont of North Carolina was visited by John Lederer in 1670. Lederer reported that the Enos' town
...is built round a field, where in their Sports they exercise with so much labour and violence, and in so great numbers, that I have seen the ground wet with the sweat that dropped from their bodies: their chief Recreation is Slinging of stones. They are of mean stature and courage, covetous and thievish, industrious to earn a peny; and therefore hire themselves out to their neighbours, who employ them as Carryers or Porters. They plant abundance of Grain, reap three Crops in a Summer, and out of their Granary supply all the adjacent parts. [They] build not their houses of Bark, but of Watling and Plaister. In Summer, the heat of the weather makes them chuse to lie abroad in the night under thin arbours of wilde Palm. Some houses they have of Reed and Bark; they build them generally round: to each house belongs a little hovel made like an oven, where they lay up their Corn and Mast, and keep it dry. They parch their Nuts and Acorns over the fire, to take away their rank Oyliness; which afterwards pressed, yeeld a milky liquor, and the Acorns an Amber-colour’d Oyl. In these, mingled together, they dip their Cakes at great Entertainments, and so serve them up to their guests as an extraordinary dainty. Their Government is Democratic; and the Sentences of their old men are received as Laws, or rather Oracles, by them.[6]
In 1701, English adventurer
Lawson traveled east from Achonechy (
In 1712, John Barnwell, a government official from South Carolina, traveled across North Carolina with a military expedition against the Tuscarora in eastern North Carolina. The expedition produced a map, created c. 1712-1725, that shows "Acconeechy Old Towns" on what appears to be New Hope Creek. This may depict the former site of Adshusheer.
By the early 18th century, the Enos, combined with the Shakoris,
In 1716, Virginia Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood proposed to resettle the Eno (along with the Saras and Keyauwees) at "Eno Town", presumably either on the Neuse River or in the Albemarle area of North Carolina;[9] By 1716 the Enos for the most part had merged with the Catawba in South Carolina.[1] They in whole or in part may have re-migrated to northern North Carolina with the Saponis in the 1730s.[citation needed] The Eno dialect was still spoken within the Catawba as late as 1743.[1]
Historic Eno variations
- "Winocke", Thomas Gates, 1609
- "Weanock" and "Weanoc", John Smith, 1612
- "Anoeg", William Strachey, 1612
- "Wainoke", Edward Bland, 1650
- "Haynokes", Francis Yeardley, 1654
- "Oenock" and "Œnock", John Lederer, 1670
- "Aeno", James Needham and Gabriel Arthur, 1673
- "Weyanoke", 1688
- "Enoe", John Lawson, 1701
- "Eenó", James Adair, 1743
- "Enos", James Mooney, 1894
- "Enoch"
- "Wyanoke"
References
- ^ ISBN 9780806317304.
- ISBN 9780806317304.
- ISBN 9780806135984. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ Strachey, William. The Historie of Travaile Into Virginia Britannia. Printed for the Hakluyt Society, London, 1612.
- ^ Salley, Alexander S., Jr. (ed.). Narratives of Early Carolina, 1650-1708. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1911.
- ^ Baronet, William T. (ed.), The Discoveries of John Lederer. J.C., London, 1672.
- ^ Alvord, Clarence W. and Lee Bidgood. The First Explorations of the Trans-Allegheny Region by the Virginians, 1650-1674. The Arthur H. Clark Co., Cleveland, 1912.
- ^ a b Lefler, Hugh Talmage (ed.), A New Voyage to Carolina by John Lawson. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1967.
- ^ a b Mooney, James, The Siouan Tribes of the Southeast. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1894.
- ^ Baker, Steven G. The Historic Catawba Peoples: Exploratory Perspectives in Ethnohistory and Archaeology. Prepared for Duke Power Company and other sponsors of Institutional Grant J-100. Office of Research, University of South Carolina, 1975.