Enoplea
Enoplea | |
---|---|
Mermis nigrescens | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Nematoda |
Class: | Enoplea Inglis, 1983 |
Subclasses | |
Enoplea (enopleans) is a class, which with the classes Secernentea[1] and Chromadorea make up the phylum Nematoda in current taxonomy.[2][3][4] The Enoplea are considered to be a more ancestral group than the Chromadorea, and researchers have referred to its members as the "ancestrally diverged nematodes", compared to the "more recently diverged nematodes" of Chromadorea.[5]
Description
The Enoplea are distinguished from the Chromadorea by a number of characteristics. The enoplean esophagus is cylindrical or "bottle-shaped", compared to the bulbous chromadorean esophagus. Enopleans have pocket-like amphids, while chromadoreans have amphids shaped like slits, pores, coils, or spirals. An enoplean is smooth or marked with fine lines, while a chromadorean may have rings, projections, or setae. The enoplean excretory system is simple, sometimes made up of a single cell, while chromadoreans have more complex, tubular systems, sometimes with glands.[6][7]
Taxonomy
Subdivision
Two subclasses are divided into orders.[6][8][10]
- Subclass Enoplia
- Order Enoplida
- Order Trefusiida
- Order Triplonchida
- Subclass Dorylaimia
- Order Dorylaimida
- Order Mermithida
- Order Mononchida
- Order Dioctophymatida
- Order Trichinellida
- Order Isolaimida
- Order Muspiceida
- Order Marimermithida
Ecology
Several orders of enopleans are mainly
Many enopleans are
References
- ^ Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002): Nematoda. Version of January 1, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- ^ Phylum Nematoda. Archived 2013-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 4, 2012.
- PMID 23018779.
- PMID 21136141.
- PMID 19523940.
- ^ a b c Class Enoplea. Archived 2013-09-28 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
- ^ Class Chromadorea. Archived 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 4, 2012.
- ^ a b Lee 2010, p. 13.
- ^ Blaxter 1998.
- ^ Zhang 2011, p. 63.
- ^ Tahseen, Q (2012). "Nematodes in aquatic environments: adaptations and survival strategies" (PDF). Biodiversity Journal. 3 (1): 13–40.
- S2CID 44551136. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Bibliography
- Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). The biology of nematodes. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415272117. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, ed. (2011). Animal biodiversity : an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Auckland, N.Z.: Magnolia Press. ISBN 978-1869778491. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
- Blaxter, Mark L.; De Ley, Paul; Garey, James R.; Liu, Leo X.; Scheldeman, Patsy; Vierstraete, Andy; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.; Mackey, Laura Y.; Dorris, Mark; Frisse, Linda M.; Vida, J. T.; Thomas, W. Kelley (5 March 1998). "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda". Nature. 392 (6671): 71–75. S2CID 4301939.