Eudaemon (mythology)
The eudaemon, eudaimon, or eudemon (
Etymology
The word eudaimon in Greek means having a good attendant spirit, and consequently being happy. It is composed of the words εὖ eu, which means "well" or "good" and δαίμων daimon, which means "divinity, spirit, divine power, fate, or god."[2][3][4] Sometimes eudaimon is taken to mean literally "good spirit".[2] Also daimon is the Greek derivative for the term demon, in which case "demon" means "replete with knowledge".[4][5]
Moreover, Eudaimon is as well an ancient proper noun, in particular it was the Greek name of a priest of Zeus and father of P. Aelius Aristeides, a notorious rhetorician of the second century AD.[6]
Characteristics
Eudaemons in Greek mythology included deified heroes. They were regarded intermediary spirits between gods and the men. Eudaemons, the good daemons, were understood as guardian spirits, bestowing protection and guidance to ones they watched over.[4][5]
As a counselor, the eudaemon whispered advice and opinions in one's ear. Such person escorted by the eudaemon was considered fortunate. It was said that
A worshiped good daemon was Agathodaemon in whose honor the first libation to the god Dionysus was dedicated.[7]
Other definitions
The philosopher Aristotle believed that a happy person is one who is eudaemon, but still in a literal manner one possessing a good or fortunate daemon. Heraclitus believed that a person’s character is his guardian daemon.[7]
Once in a while the good daemon may also stand for the souls of the deceased. For example, the heroine Alcestis in 438 BCE Athenian tragedy by the Greek Euripides, is reported as a "blessed daemon" subsequent to her death.[7]
According to psychologist Carl Jung there is not eudaemon or else cacodaemon but only the daemon, which is a unique independent spirit neither good nor bad, living in everyone.[5]
In mystical approaches eudaemon is sometimes defined as a symbol of "
See also
- Eudaemons
- Eudaimonia
- Eidolons
- Cacodemon
- Lares Familiares
- Penates
- Shoulder angel
- Tutelary deity
- List of angels in theology
Notes
References
- Cooksey, Thomas L. (2010). Plato's 'symposium': a reader's guide. Continuum. ISBN 0826444172.
- Merriam-Webster; Encyclopædia Britannica, eds. (1995). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0877790426.
- Russell, Michael; Wheeler, James T. (1865). A Connection of Sacred and Profane History from the death of Joshua to the decline of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. London: William Tegg. OCLC 7051604.
- Prior, William J. (1990). Virtue and knowledge: an introduction to ancient Greek ethics. Routledge. ISBN 0415024706.
- Wilhelm, Robert (2002). Return to Soul: An invitation to view the soul. iUniverse. ISBN 0595221491.
- ISBN 0816071039.
- Smith, William (1844). Dictionary of greek and roman biography and mythology. 1, Abaeus-Dysponteus. London: Taylor and Walton John Murray. OCLC 492553013.