Fairy prion

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Fairy prion

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Procellariidae
Genus: Pachyptila
Species:
P. turtur
Binomial name
Pachyptila turtur
(Kuhl, 1820)

The fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) is a small seabird with the standard prion plumage of blue-grey upperparts with a prominent dark "M" marking and white underneath. The sexes are alike. It is a small prion which frequents the low subantarctic and subtropic seas.

Taxonomy

The fairy prion was

binomial name Procellaria turtur.[2] It is now placed with the other prions in the genus Pachyptila, introduced in 1811 by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger.[3] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek pakhus , meaning "dense" or "thick", with ptilon, meaning "feather" or "plumage". The specific epithet turtur is Latin for "turtle dove".[4] The word prion comes from the Ancient Greek word priōn, meaning "a saw", which refers to the serrated edges of its bill.[5]

The fairy prion is a member of the

naricorns
, that attach to the upper bill, as opposed to the nostrils on the albatross which are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates.

The birds produce a stomach oil made up of

triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus, and is used against predators, as well as providing an energy rich food source for chicks, and for the adults during their long flights.[7] They also have a salt gland above the nasal passage which excretes a high saline solution from their nose, helping to desalinate their bodies, due to the large quantity of ocean water that they imbibe. It.[8]

Description

Illustration of the features of the fairy prion's head and beak, 1888

The fairy prion is around 25 cm (9.8 in) in length, with a wingspan of 56 cm (22 in). The plumage is blue-grey on its upperparts with a dark "M" extending to the wingtips. The tail is wedge-shaped with a dark tip. The underparts are mostly white. It has a pale blue bill with blue legs and feet. The sexes are alike. In appearance, it is very similar to the fulmar prion (Pachyptila crassirostris), and the two species cannot be distinguished at sea.[9]

Distribution and habitat

The fairy prion is found throughout oceans and coastal areas in the

Bass Strait Islands of Australia, the Crozet Isles, as well as the Chatham Islands, the Antipodes Islands, and the Snares Islands of New Zealand amongst many other places.[11]

Behavior

Food and feeding

The diet consists mainly of planktonic crustaceans and tiny fish, which they catch by either seizing prey while on the surface or by dipping their bill into the water while in flight.[9][12]

Breeding

They breed

colonially and prefer small islands. Nests are situated in soil, hidden by vegetation, and dug with the bill or feet, or in a hollow in a crevice. When coming back to their nest at night, they will coo softly and listen for their mate.[10]

Conservation

Widespread and common throughout its large range, with an estimated population of 5,000,000, the fairy prion is evaluated as least concern on the

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Its range is 24,600,000 km2 (9,500,000 sq mi).[1][13]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698124A132626982.en
    . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Kuhl, Heinrich (1820). Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie (in German and Latin). Frankfurt am Main: Verlag der Hermannschen Buchhandlung. p. 143.
  3. ^ Illiger, Johann Karl Wilhelm (1811). Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium (in Latin). Berolini [Berlin]: Sumptibus C. Salfeld. p. 274.
  4. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4
    .
  5. ISBN 0-8160-3377-3
    .
  6. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0
    .
  7. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0
    .
  8. ISBN 0-671-65989-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-553068-1
    .
  10. ^
    ISBN 1-56458-295-7
    .
  11. ^ "Fairy Prion (Pachyptila turtur) - BirdLife species factsheet". datazone.birdlife.org. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  12. ^ Harper (1987). "Feeding behaviour and other notes on 20 species of Procellariiformes at sea". Notornis. 34 (3): 169–192.
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2009)

Sources

External links
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