Fatty acyl-CoA esters
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Fatty acyl-CoA esters are fatty acid derivatives formed of one fatty acid, a 3'-phospho-AMP linked to phosphorylated pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine.
Long-chain acyl-CoA esters are substrates for a number of important enzymatic reactions and play a central role in the regulation of
thioester bond is a high energy bond.[1]
The activation reaction normally occurs in the
mitochondrial membrane. This is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-requiring reaction with fatty acyl-CoA synthase (CoASH), yielding adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate (PPi):[2]
R-COOH + CoASH + ATP R-CO-SCoA + AMP + PPi
Different enzymes are specific for fatty acids of different chain length. Then, the acyl-CoA esters are transported in
carnitine acyltransferase II reverses the process, producing fatty acyl-CoA and carnitine.[2]
This shuttle mechanism is required only for longer chain fatty acids.
Once inside the palmitate (a C16 fatty acid).[3]
References
- ^ PMID 32310462, retrieved 2024-05-28
- ^ a b "Fatty Acids -- Overview". library.med.utah.edu. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 2024-05-28.
- ^ "KEGG PATHWAY: Fatty acid biosynthesis - Reference pathway". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 2024-05-28.
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