Fourth World

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Fourth World (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Four Worlds.

The Fourth World is an extension of the three-world model, used variably to refer to

  1. Sub-populations socially excluded from
    global society, such as uncontacted peoples
    ;
  2. Hunter-gatherer, nomadic, pastoral, and some subsistence farming peoples living beyond the modern industrial norm.[1]
  3. Sub-populations existing in a First World country, but with the living standards of those of a Third World.

The term is not commonly used. "Fourth World" has also been used to refer to other parts of the world in relation to the three-world model.

Etymology

Fourth World follows the

University of Southern California Annenberg School for Communication has made extensive use of the term fourth world.[2][3]

Coinage

The term was coined in 1969 by Father Joseph Wresinski when he renamed the charity he had founded in 1957 with families from the Noisy-le-Grand (France) shanty town to ATD Quart Monde.

The term was recycled in the 1970s by Mbuto Milando, first secretary of the

High Commission, in conversation with George Manuel, Chief of the National Indian Brotherhood (now the Assembly of First Nations). Milando stated that "When Native peoples come into their own, on the basis of their own cultures and traditions, that will be the Fourth World."[4][5]

Since publication of Manuel's The Fourth World: An Indian Reality (1974), the term Fourth World became synonymous with stateless, poor, and marginal nations.[6] Since 1979, think tanks such as the Center for World Indigenous Studies have used the term in defining the relationships between ancient, tribal, and non-industrial nations and modern industrialised nation-states.[7] With the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, communications and organizing amongst Fourth World peoples have accelerated in the form of international treaties between aboriginal nations for the purposes of trade, travel, and security.[8] In the Indian left movement, M. P. Parameswaran's ideas on the fourth world caused widespread debates, which eventually led to his expulsion from the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 2004.[9][10]

See also

References

  1. ^ "International day of the world's indigenous people". Asian Center for the Progress of Peoples. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008.
  2. ISBN 978-0745631356. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2022.
  3. ISBN 9781405196888
    .
  4. ISBN 9780773523326
    .
  5. ISBN 9780921284666
    .
  6. ^ Griggs, Richard. "The breakdown of states". Center for World Indigenous Studies.
  7. ^ Ryser, Rudolph C. (September 1993). "Toward the coexistence of nations and states". Center for World Indigenous Studies. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
  8. ^ Cloud, Redwing (10 August 2007). "United League of Indigenous Nations formed". Indian Country Today.
  9. ^ "CPI(M) expels M.P. Parameswaran". The Hindu. 16 February 2004.[dead link]
  10. ^ "KSSP to continue with existing policies". The Hindu. 1 March 2004.[dead link]

Further reading

External links
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