French ship Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1795)
Capture of Marengo (ex-Jean-Jacques Rousseau, left) by HMS London (right)
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History | |
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France | |
Name | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Builder | Toulon |
Laid down | September 1794 |
Launched | 21 July 1795 |
Commissioned | October 1796 |
Renamed | Marengo, 2 December 1802 |
Captured | By HMS London, 13 March 1806 |
United Kingdom | |
Name | Marengo |
Acquired | 13 March 1806 |
Fate | Broken up, 1816 |
General characteristics [1] | |
Class and type | Téméraire-class ship of the line |
Displacement |
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Length | 55.87 metres (183.3 ft) (172 pied ) |
Beam | 14.90 metres (48 ft 11 in) |
Draught | 7.26 metres (23.8 ft) (22 pied ) |
Propulsion | Up to 2,485 m2 (26,750 sq ft) of sails |
Armament |
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Armour | Timber |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a
Career
Construction of Jean-Jacques Rousseau began in September 1794 at Toulon, and she was launched on 21 July 1795. In October 1796, under Captain Racord, she was part of the Villeneuve's squadron that sailed from Toulon to Brest.
On 2 December 1802, she was renamed to Marengo, reflecting the political change away from the
From May 1803, tensions rose between France and England. Linois' squadron arrived at Pondicherry on 11 July, where the 64-gun HMS Trident and the sloop HMS Rattlesnake lay at anchor. British authorities delayed the transfer until the French brig Bélier arrived with news that the War of the Third Coalition was about to break out in Europe. Finding his squadron vulnerable to a surprise attack, Linois made a dramatic night escape to Isle de France.
War eventually broke out in September, and Linois reinforced French garrisons at
In early 1804, Linois attempted to intercept a large convoy of
In August Linois was cruising in the Indian Ocean in Marengo, together with Atalante and Sémillante. On the 18th, near Desnoeufs Island they encountered and captured two British merchant men, Charlotte and Upton Castle. They had been on their way to Bombay when Linois's squadron captured them.[2]
Linois described Charlotte as being copper-sheathed, of 650 tons and 16 guns. She was carrying a cargo of rice. Upton Castle he described as being copper-sheathed, of 627 tons, and 14 guns. She was carrying a cargo of wheat and other products from Bengal. He sent both his prizes into Isle de France (Mauritius).[2]
In September, Linois attempted another raid against a merchant convoy, leading to the Battle of Vizagapatam. British Rear-Admiral Peter Rainier had replaced the small frigate HMS Wilhelmina with the 50-gun HMS Centurion. Although Centurion was not a match for Marengo, she skillfully used her lower draught to keep Marengo at bay in the shallow waters. There again Linois hesitated to commit his forces and withdrew after a four-hour exchange that left Marengo in need to six month worth of repairs.
On 11 July 1805 the East Indiaman Brunswick and the country ship Sarah were off the Point de Galle when they encountered Marengo and Belle Poule. Marengo captured Brunswick and Belle Poule drove Sarah ashore. Marengo and Belle Poule arrived at the Cape of Good Hope on 13 September. By that time their prize, Brunswick had stranded at the Cape and been lost.[3]
In March 1806, Linois set out to return to France with Marengo and Belle Poule, and prey upon British shipping between
Fate
The British took Marengo into service as HMS Marengo. She was used as a prison hulk from 1809 until she was broken up in 1816.
Citations
- ^ Clouet, Alain (2007). "La marine de Napoléon III : classe Téméraire – caractéristiques". dossiersmarine.free.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
- ^ a b Mercure de France (1804), Vol. 20, p.380.
- ^ Lloyd's List №4277.
References
- Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671 – 1870. p. 295. OCLC 165892922.
- The Campaign of Trafalgar : 1803–1805. Robert Gardiner, ed. Chatham Publishing, 1997. ISBN 1-86176-028-0
- C. Northcote Parkinson. Britannia Rules. Gloucester, 1987. Qu. By: The Campaign of Trafalgar: 1803–1805 ... p. 26
- The Victory of Seapower. Winning the Napoleonic War 1806–1814. Robert Gardiner, ed. Chatham Publishing, 1998. p. 28–29. ISBN 1-86176-038-8