Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
| Fulk IV | |
|---|---|
Fulk V | |
| Joint rule | Geoffrey IV, Count of Anjou (until 1106) |
| Born | 1043 |
| Died | 14 April 1109 |
| Spouses | Hildegarde of Beaugency
(m. 1068; died 1070)Ermengarde de Bourbon
(m. 1070; div. 1075)Orengarde de Châtelaillon
(m. 1076; div. 1080)N de Brienne
(m. 1080; div. 1087)Bertrade de Montfort (m. 1089; div. 1092) |
House of Anjou | |
| Father | Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais |
| Mother | Ermengarde of Anjou |
Fulk IV (
Name
").Réchin, the epithet by which he is usually known, has no certain translation. Philologists have made numerous and varied suggestions, most but not all negative, including "the Quarreler", "the Rude", "the Sullen", "the Surly", and "the Heroic".
Life
Early life
Fulk, born in 1043,
Count of Anjou
Substantial territory was lost to Angevin control due to the difficulties resulting from Geoffrey's poor rule and the brothers' warring. Saintonge was lost, and Fulk had to give the Gâtinais to Philip I of France to placate the king upon his victory.[7] Much of Fulk's rule was devoted to regaining control over this territory and to a complex struggle with Normandy for influence in Maine and Brittany.[8]
At some point before 1106, Fulk made a major gift to the Fontevraud Abbey.[9]
Wives
There are conflicting accounts of Fulk's life, including some who pointedly condemned him as "a man with many reprehensible, even scandalous, habits".[10] The clerics of his time particularly objected to his sexual promiscuity or deviance, which included marrying as many as five times, although the exact number of lawful wives, divorces, and repudiations is disputed.[11]
Providing all the claimed formal marriages, he was said to have first wed Hildegarde of
He was said to have divorced this woman, whose name was not recorded in surviving accounts, in 1087.Most scandalously, he was said to have married
Death
Fulk died on 14 April 1109 leaving the restoration of the county of Anjou as it had been under Geoffrey III[19] to his successors.[20]
Works
A
Legacy
Amid his other denunciations of Fulk, the
References
Citations
- ^ a b Bradbury (1989), p. 27.
- ^ Kroll & Bachrach 1990, p. 3.
- ^ Bachrach (1993), p. 262.
- ^ Bradbury (1989), p. 31.
- ^ Bradbury (1989), p. 32.
- ^ Keats-Rohan (1997), p. 257.
- ^ Dunbabin (2005), p. 189.
- ^ Dunbabin (2005), pp. 189–190.
- ^ Mews (2006), p. 135.
- ^ a b Chibnall (1973), pp. 186–187.
- ^ Bradbury (1989), p. 36.
- ^ Choffel (1988), p. 152.
- ^ William of Jumieges (1992), p. 260.
- ^ Vaughn (2002), p. 106.
- ^ a b Mews (2006), p. 132.
- ^ Aird (2008), p. 127–128.
- ^ Webster (2015), p. 90.
- ^ Bradbury (2007), p. 119.
- ^ Barlow (2014), p. 156.
- ^ Dunbabin (2005), p. 190.
- ^ Paul (2007), pp. 20–21.
- ^ Paul (2007), pp. 19–35.
- ^ Aird (2016), p. 196.
- ^ Planché (1876), p. 459.
- ^ Mills (2015), p. 82.
- ^ Wilcox (1948), p. 65.
- ^ Perry (1890), p. 190.
- ^ Robert de Courson (1215).
- ^ Alberigo & al. (1973).
- ^ Dittmar & al. (2021).
Sources
- Aird, William M. (2008), Robert Curthose Duke of Normandy (c. 1050–1134), Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
- Aird, William M. (2016), "Orderic's Secular Rulers and Representations of Personality and Power in the Historia Ecclesiastica", Orderic Vitalis: Life, Works, and Interpretations, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 189–216.
- Alberigo, J.; et al., eds. (1973), "Concilium Lateranense IV a. 1215" (PDF), Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Decreta (in Latin), pp. 230–271.
- Bachrach, Bernard S. (1993). Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987–1040. University of California Press.
- Barlow, Frank (2014). The Feudal Kingdom of England: 1042–1216. Routledge.
- Bradbury, Jim (1989). Harper-Bill, Christopher; Holdsworth, Christopher J.; Nelson, Janet L. (eds.). "Fulk le Rechin and the Origin of the Plantagenets". Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown. The Boydell Press.
- Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians: Kings of France, 987–1328. Hambledon Continuum.
- Choffel, Jacques (1988). Mais Où Sont les Normandes d'Antan (in French). F.Sorlet.
- Dittmar, Jenna M.; et al. (December 2021), "Fancy Shoes and Painful Feet: Hallux Valgus and Fracture Risk in Medieval Cambridge, England", International Journal of Paleopathology, vol. 35, Los Angeles: Paleopathology Association, pp. 90–100, hdl:2164/17718.
- Dunbabin, Jean (2005). France in the Making, 843–1180 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Keats-Rohan, K.S.B. (1997). Family Trees and the Root of Politics: A Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century. The Boydell Press.
- Kroll, Jerome; Bachrach, Bernard S. (1990). "Medieval Dynastic Decisions: Evolutionary Biology and Historical Explanation". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 21 (Jan.). MIT Press: 1–28.3
- Mews, Constant J. (2006). "Negotiating the Boundaries of Gender in Religious Life: Robert of Arbrissel and Hersende, Abelard and Heloise". Viator. 37. CMRS Center for Early Global Studies: 113–148.
- Mills, Robert (2015), Seeing Sodomy in the Middle Ages, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Paul, Nicholas L. (2007). Morillo, Stephen; Korngiebel, Diane (eds.). "The Chronicle of Fulk le Rechin: a Reassessment". The Haskins Society Journal 18: Studies in Medieval History. The Boydell Press.
- Orderic Vitalis (1973), Chibnall, Marjorie (ed.), The Ecclesiastical History..., vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Perry, George Gresley (1890), A History of the English Church: First Period: From the Planting of the Church in Britain to the Accession of Henry VIII. (596–1509), The Student's English Church History (5th ed.), London: John Murray.
- Planché, James Robinson (1876), A Cyclopaedia of Costume..., London: Chatto & Windus.
- Robert de Courson (1944), "Rules of the University of Paris", in Thorndyke, Lynn (ed.), University Records and Life in the Middle Ages, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 103–105.
- Vaughn, Sally N. (2002). St. Anselm and the Handmaidens of God: A Study of Anselm's Correspondence with Women. Brepols.
- Webster, Paul (2015). King John and Religion. Boydell Press.
- Wilcox, Ruth Turner (1948), The Mode in Footwear, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
- William of Jumieges (1992). The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni. Vol. viii. Clarendon Press.
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