Gümrük resmi
Taxation in the Ottoman Empire |
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Taxes |
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Implementation |
The gümrük resmi (also called a selametlik resmi, paid to a gümrük emin) was a customs charge, or tax, in the Ottoman Empire.[1] In modern-day Turkey the term continues to be in use: Gümrük vergi ve resimleri (Turkish for customs taxes and duties).
Customs duties were typically paid on the value of commodities; in the Ottoman empire, just as in modern commerce, this would fuel disagreements over the "value" of the goods being traded.
As with other
In the 18th century, the Ottoman empire attempted to enforce gümrük on all vessels sailing in and out of the
Some farmers in border areas might attempt to evade livestock taxes by claiming to each government that their livestock were on the "other" side of the border; sultan Selim ordered in 1571 that gümrük resmi would have to be paid, but some tax evasion appears to have continued.[3]
Sometimes an emin might be stationed at a port or border crossing, to manage customs; this would be a gümrük emin.
References
- ^ ISBN 978-90-6550-655-9.
- ISBN 978-0-7099-4204-7.
- ^ WAWRZYNIAK, KRZYSZTOF (2003). OTTOMAN-POLISH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES OF BILKENT UNIVERSITY. p. 102.