GM-94

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GM-94
tubular magazine
SightsIron sights

The GM-94 (Гранатомет Магазинный образца 1994 Granatomet Magazinnyy obraztsa 1994, lit. "magazine-fed grenade launcher, model of 1994") is a pump action grenade launcher for use by Russian special and security forces. Development of the GM-94 grenade launcher began in 1993, under the guidance of Vasilij Gryazev, chief designer of the KBP design bureau (Konstruktorskoye Byuro Priborostroyeniya; (Конструкторское Бюро Приборостроения; KBP), in Tula, Russia. [3]

Description

The GM-94 is a short range weapon, allowing it to be used in close

room-to-room fighting. Its simple design and operation allows it to operate in dusty and dirty environments and even after being immersed in water
.

The launcher is capable of firing VGM-93.900

non-lethal payloads.[4]

The VGM-93.100 thermobaric grenade contains around 160 grams of explosive filler. It can penetrate up to 8 mm of mild steel or interior wall with its blast, while producing minimal primary fragmentation.[4]

In June 2005, GM-94 with

thermobaric VGM-93.100 ammunition was adopted by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.[6] In October 2007, the Russian armed forces adopted the launcher designated as LPO-97 (Legkiy Pekhotnyy Ognemet; Легкий Пехотный Огнемет; ‘light infantry flamethrower’)[3] developed in the KBP Instrument Design Bureau on the basis of the GM-94 with a thermobaric grenade,[3][7] in 2008 GM-94 was adopted for the branches of the Federal Security Service.[8] The weapon was used in the battle of Nalchik in 2005 and in Crimea 2014.[9] Though the launcher was initially intended for use by Russian security forces, the GM-94 has been spotted as far afield as Kazakhstan, where it is in service with the Kazakhstani paramilitary police tactical unit Sunkar ("Hawk") and in the hands of non-state combatants during the overthrow of the Gaddafi regime in Libya 2011.[2]

Russian forces have used this weapon to fire non-lethal tear gas grenades on protesters in Ukraine in March 2022.[10]

Users

Map with GM-94 users in blue

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Popenker & Jenzen-Jones 2015, p. 16.
  2. ^ a b c d e Popenker & Jenzen-Jones 2015, p. 17.
  3. ^ a b c ""Arms & Munitions Brief No. 2: The Russian GM-94 Grenade Launcher"". ARES Armament Research Services. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b c Popenker & Jenzen-Jones 2015, p. 15
  5. ^ "VGM93.100". roe.ru. Rosoboronexport.
  6. ^ "ГМ-94 - ручной гранатомёт". army.lv. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  7. ^ "ОАО "Конструкторское бюро приборостроения" - 10 лет ГМ-94". kbptula.ru. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  8. ^ "ГМ-94". gewehr.ru. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  9. ^ Maxim Popenker and NR Jenzen-Jones, The Russian GM-94 Grenade Launcher, ARES Armament Research Services, Munitions Brief No. 2, September 2015
  10. ^ 🇺🇦 Ukraine Weapons Tracker [@UAWeapons] (22 March 2022). "#Ukraine: A little insight on what kind of munitions were used by the Russian forces to disperse the pro-Ukrainian rally in #Kherson - an empty VGM93.200 CS irritant round for the GM-94 grenade launcher was found on the ground. https://t.co/h79lv3KmRd" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022 – via Twitter.
  11. ^ "Рассказываем, что за гранатомет был замечен вчера у спецназовца «Алмаза» в Минске". Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  12. ^ https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0919/101575343/detail.shtml
  13. ISBN 978-0-9924624-3-7
    .

Bibliography
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