Gadaladeniya Vihara
| Gadaladenyia Vihara | |
|---|---|
ගඩලාදෙණිය විහාරය | |
Buddhist Temple | |
| Founder | King Bhuvanekabahu IV |
| Completed | 1344 |
Gadaladenyia
History
The history of the temple goes back to the 14th century. According to historical reports this temple was built in 1344, under the patronage of King
Celebrated scholarly monks who have resided at the temple include Sangharaja Dharmakirti II, the author of the Sangharaja-Nikāya (14-15th century)[8] and Vimalakirti I.[4]
The temple was abandoned until King Vira Parakrama Narendra Sinha (1707-1739) handed over it to Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero,[9] whose pupils have looked after the temple ever since.[10]
Main shrine
The central temple building is unique in that it is built entirely of sculptured granite, except for two shikharas which are built of brick, and sits on a massive stone slab.[2] The sikharas, which are located above the sanctum begins in an octagonal shape but has been given the features of a dagoba. After the original construction of the temple building, possibly in the 18th or 19th century, a multi-tiered and tiled Sinhalese roof, resting on brick piers and wooden pillars, was added to the temple, concealing the flat roof and the shikharas.[4]
At the entrance to the shrine room is an elaborately ornate sculptured Makara Thorana (Dragon's Arch).[11] The Makara Thorana is decorated with images of Brahmā, Śakra, Santuṣita, Saman, Santhusthika, Natha and Maitreya.[12] Inside the shrine room is a 2.43 m (8.0 ft) high statue of a seated Buddha, in the 'Dhyana Mudra’ pose, the posture of meditation associated with his first enlightenment,[11] with four standing Buddha statues flanking it. The statue is significantly different from those of the Gampola period (1314–1415).
Adjacent to the main shrine room, on its north side, is a devale dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu. The devale was originally dedicated to Varuna when it was built however as Vishnu became more popular with devotees the shrine to Varuna was replaced with Vishnu.[11]
Secondary shrine
In the middle of the temple compound is a secondary shrine, the Vijayothpaya or Vijayantha Prasada named after the mythical palace of god Indra. The shrine was constructed after the main shrine by King Parakramabahu V.[13] The shrine consists of a central stupa, approximately 12.3 m (40 ft) high built on a square platform.[2] The entire stupa is covered by a four-sided roof supported by four stone pillars. On the four sides of the main stupa are four smaller matching stupas, extending in cruciform angles out in the four cardinal directions. Each of these four smaller stupas are built on stone platforms with their own individual shrine rooms.[5][14] These shrines formerly housed images of the Four Heavenly Kings: Vaishravaṇa, Virūḷhaka, Dhrutharashṭa and Virūpaksha[12] but now houses statues of the seated Buddha.
See also
- List of Archaeological Protected Monuments in Sri Lanka
References
- ^ "Protected Monument List 2012-12-12" (PDF). Department of Archaeology. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ ISBN 9781481795517.
- ^ "Gadaladeniya Viharaya". kandycity.org. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ ISBN 9788170172819.
- ^ a b "Gadaladeniya – The temple of many names". tourslanka.com. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ISBN 9788120832695.
- ISBN 9789004039926.
- ^ Evers, Hans Dieter (1972). Monks, Priests and Peasants: A Study of Buddhism and Social Structure in Central Ceylon. Brill Publishers. p. 10.
- ^ "Gadaladenyia Temple". tour.lk. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ "Gadaladeniya Rajamaha Viharaya – ගඩලාදෙනිය රජමහා විහාරය". amazinglanka.com. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ Sunday Times. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ ISBN 9780195362466.
- ISBN 9788120609464.
- ^ "Gadaladeniya Temple". lankainformation.lk. Retrieved 2 November 2016.