Gentiana andrewsii
| Bottle gentian | |
|---|---|
| |
| Closed bottle gentian (Gentiana andrewsii) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Gentianaceae |
| Genus: | Gentiana |
| Species: | G. andrewsii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Gentiana andrewsii | |
Gentiana andrewsii, the bottle gentian, closed gentian, or closed bottle gentian, is an herbaceous species of flowering plant in the gentian family Gentianaceae. Gentiana andrewsii is native to northeastern North America, from the Dakotas to the East Coast and through eastern Canada.
It shares the common name "bottle gentian" with several other species.
Description
Gentiana andrewsii is a perennial herb[1] that blooms in late summer (August to October).[2] The flowers are 2 to 4 cm (3⁄4 to 1+1⁄2 in) long, typically a rich blue color and bottle shaped with fused petals (sympetalous) and closed mouths.[3][4] The flowers are clustered at the top of the plant or in the axis of the top leaves. The stems are 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) long, lax in habit, producing sprawling plants with upturned ends ending with clusters of bee pollinated flowers. The foliage is hairless with a glossy sheen to it.
Taxonomy
The plant was named in honor of Henry C. Andrews, an English botanical artist and engraver.[5]
Named
- Gentiana andrewsii var. andrewsii
- Gentiana andrewsii var. dakotica
- Gentiana andrewsii fo. albiflora
- Gentiana × billingtonii (Gentiana andrewsii × puberulenta)
- Gentiana × pallidocyanea (Gentiana alba x andrewsii)
Ecology
Closed bottle gentian occurs in wet to dry-mesic prairies and prairie fens, primarily in loamy soils, but it can also be found in sandy areas, such as near Great Lakes shorelines.[5]
The closed flowers make entrance to feed on pollen or nectar difficult for many species of insects. Those strong enough to enter through the top of the flower include the
This gentian is considered a threatened species in the US states of New York and Maryland.[7]
References
- ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ^ "Gentiana andrewsii (closed bottle gentian): Plant Phenology". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
- ^ "flowers-fusion – Ohio Plants". Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ^ "Gentiana andrewsii (Andrew's bottle gentian): Go Botany". gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ^ a b c d Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
- ^ "Gentiana andrewsii". plantsoftheworldonline.org. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Gentiana andrewsii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
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