Gerhard Kittel
Gerhard Kittel | |
---|---|
Breslau, Prussia, German Empire | |
Died | 11 July 1948 Tübingen, Germany | (aged 59)
Political party | Nazi Party |
Spouse |
Hanna Untermeier (m. 1914) |
Parent | University of Kiel[1] |
Thesis | Die Oden Salomos, überarbeitet oder einheitlich[1] (1912) |
Doctoral advisor | Johannes Leipoldt[1] |
Academic work | |
Discipline | |
Sub-discipline | New Testament studies |
School or tradition | Lutheranism |
Institutions | University of Tübingen |
Doctoral students | Walter Grundmann[2] |
Influenced |
Gerhard Kittel (23 September 1888 – 11 July 1948) was a German
Biography
Kittel was born on 23 September 1888 in
On 3 May 1945, after
Martin Dibelius, a theologian at Heidelberg, wrote that Kittel's works related to ancient Judaism "are of purely scientific character" and "do not serve the Party interpretation of Judaism".[13] He said further that Kittel deserved "the thanks of all who are interested in the scientific study of Judaism."[14]
Annemarie Tugendhat was a Christian
]In 1946, Kittel was released pending his trial, but was forbidden to enter Tübingen until 1948. From 1946 to 1948 he was a pastor (Seelsorger) in Beuron. In 1948, he was allowed back into Tübingen, but died that year before the criminal proceedings against him could be resumed.[15][page needed] He died on 11 July 1948.[16]
Nazi Germany
A Professor of Evangelical Theology and
From 1940 to 1943 Kittel held an Evangelical Theology chair at the university of Vienna. He was replaced at the university of Tübingen by Otto Michel (1903-1993). In March 1943 Kittel suddenly returned to Tübingen to reclaim his theology chair at its university, while still holding his chair at the university of Vienna. This forced Michel to be drafted into the Wehrmacht as a lowly private and caused him traumatic humiliations. (See Otto Michel, Anpassung oder Widerstand: eine Autobiographie, Wuppertal & Zurich, Brockhaus Verlag, 1989, pp. 88-98).
William F. Albright wrote that, "In view of the terrible viciousness of his attacks on Judaism and the Jews, which continues at least until 1943, Gerhard Kittel must bear the guilt of having contributed more, perhaps, than any other Christian theologian to the mass murder of Jews by Nazis."[18]
Literary works
- Die Oden Salomos überarbeitet oder einheitlich, 1914
- Jesus und die Rabbinen, 1914
- Die Probleme des palästinensischen Spätjudentums und das Urchristentum, 1926
- Urchristentum, Spätjudentum, Hellenismus, 1926
- Die Religionsgeschichte und das Urchristentum, 1932
- Founder and co-editor of the Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament, 10 vols., 1933–1979
- Ein theologischer Briefwechsel mit Karl Barth (A theological correspondence with Karl Barth, 1934 with Karl Barth
- Christus und Imperator, 1939
- Das Antike Weltjudentum – Forschungen zur Judenfrage (World Jewry of Antiquity – Research on the Jewish Question), 1943 with Eugen Fischer
See also
References
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d Gerdmar 2009, p. 419.
- ^ Head 2004, p. 71; Steinweis 2006, p. 66.
- ISSN 0309-3492. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ Ericksen 2004, p. 356.
- ^ Ericksen 2012, p. 8.
- ^ Ericksen 1985; Weinreich 1999.
- ^ a b c d e Ericksen 1977, p. 596.
- ^ Ericksen 2012, p. 31.
- ^ Ericksen 1977, p. 599.
- ^ Ericksen 1977, p. 616.
- ^ a b c d Ericksen 1977, p. 597.
- ^ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
- ^ Ericksen 1977, pp. 597–598.
- ^ a b c d Ericksen 1977, p. 598.
- ^ a b Ericksen 1977.
- ^ Ericksen 1977, p. 617.
- ^ Ericksen 2012, pp. 31–32.
- ^ Albright 1947, p. 165.
Bibliography
- Albright, W. F. (1947). "The War in Europe and the Future of Biblical Studies". In Willoughby, Harold (ed.). The Study of the Bible Today and Tomorrow. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- S2CID 159817388.
- ——— (1985). Theologians Under Hitler: Gerhard Kittel, Paul Althaus, and Emanuel Hirsch. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
- JSTOR 43100091.
- ISBN 978-1-139-05960-2.
- Gerdmar, Anders (2009). Roots of Theological Anti-Semitism: German Biblical Interpretation and the Jews, from Herder and Semler to Kittel and Bultmann. Studies in Jewish History and Culture. Vol. 20. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. )
- Head, Peter M. (2004). "The Nazi Quest for an Aryan Jesus". Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus. 2 (1): 55–89. ISSN 1476-8690.
- ISBN 978-0-674-04399-2.
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. "Alfred Rosenberg: Biography". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Washington: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- Weinreich, Max (1999). Hitler Professors. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Further reading
- Dahm, Christof (1992). "Kittel, Gerhard". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (in German). Vol. 3. Herzberg, Germany: Bautz. cols. 1544–1546. ISBN 978-3-88309-035-1. Archived from the originalon 10 October 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2020.