Grangegorman
Grangegorman
Gráinseach Ghormáin | |
---|---|
Inner suburb | |
IST (WEST)) | |
Eircode (Routing Key) | D07 |
Irish Grid Reference | O146353 |
Grangegorman (
Grangegorman is also the name of a civil parish in the historical baronies of Dublin City and Coolock.[1]
Etymology
The name Grangegorman, as with other
Location
Grangegorman has evolved over time to its current boundaries, which, like those of most Dublin suburbs, are imprecise, while for the purposes of redevelopment, an extended "neighbourhood" was defined. A major historic feature was the Bradogue River, now culverted but still cutting right through the area on its way to the River Liffey.
Modern suburb of Grangegorman
Grangegorman is located in the
The geographical definition of the north Dublin electoral division known as Arran Quay B, encompasses Grangegorman. The 2006 Census gives the population of Arran Quay B as 3,692. This represents a 19.5 per cent increase from the population of the area in 2002.[3][4]
Historical civil parishes of Grangegorman
There are five
The census data of 1901 records a population of 14,970 in the civil parish of Grangegorman while that for 1971, the last year for which there is any data, records a population of 32,105, equalling a 114.5 per cent increase between these dates.[6]
The Neighbourhood of Grangegorman
The 'Neighbourhood of Grangegorman' is defined by Irish statute, the Grangegorman Development Agency Act (2005). Schedule 2, section 4 of this act defines the 'Neighbourhood of Grangegorman' as consisting of the electoral divisions of Arran Quay A, Arran Quay B, Arran Quay C, Arran Quay D, Arran Quay E, Inns Quay B, Inns Quay C and Cabra East C. Essentially, this act, for the purposes of the statutory body of the Grangegorman Development Agency, extends the spatial definition of Grangegorman as far south as the River Liffey, and encompasses parts of east Cabra, Phibsborough, Broadstone and Stoneybatter.[7]
According to this definition the population of the 'Neighbourhood of Grangegorman' was equal to 24,534 in 2006.[3]
History
Along with Stoneybatter and Glassmanogue, Grangegorman was recorded in 1610 as one of only three remote villages in this region and at that stage, lying north of Ostman town and north of the River Liffey, they were not joined to the city of Dublin.[8]
In 1828 All Saints Church, Grangegorman was built to serve the new Church of Ireland parish of Grangegorman formed in 1830 was formed out of parts of the parishes of St. Michan, St. Paul, and St. George.[9]
The Rev. William Basil Kingsbury Maturin (1803–1887), a Tractarian, was the Church of Ireland perpetual curate of Grangegorman and also librarian of
The Dean's Orchard
In the fourteenth-century Dublin was a small walled city with perhaps 10,000 inhabitants. At this time Grangegorman functioned as one of three home farms, the others being
The territory of Grangegorman has had a long association with orchards which only passed into history in the mid-nineteenth century. The lease of Grangegorman dated 1485 refers to its lands as "the Orchard". With the dissolution of the monasteries,
The possession of the Manor of Grangegorman passed into the hands of Rt. Hon. Francis Agard after the formation of dean and chapter for the management of Christ Church Cathedral. Following Agard's death in 1577, this possession passed to the control of his son-in-law,
The House of Industry
From the eighteenth century onwards, Grangegorman was to be transformed from an agricultural hamlet to an urban centre dominated by penal and welfare institutions. In 1704 Dublin's first House of Industry was established on St. James's Street south of the River Liffey, on the site currently occupied by St. James's Hospital. However, in 1729 this institution was enlarged to include the notorious Dublin Foundling Hospital. In 1771–72 a philanthropic body called "The Corporation for the Relief of the Poor" was instituted following the passage of permissive legislation and this entity was responsible for the opening in 1773 of Dublin's second House of Industry[19] which was situated at the site of the derelict malthouse on Channel Row on what is now North Brunswick Street.[20] Channel Row at this time was considered to form part of the locality of Glassmanogue to which also belonged the area known as Broadstone. The establishment of this institution was to be the single most important factor in shaping the urban character of Grangegorman as a site increasingly predominated by the presence of a range of institutions meeting nineteenth-century expectations of philanthropy, care and social control.[21]
The decision to site the House of Industry in this part of the city no doubt reflected the fact that the local population in Grangegorman and the surrounding districts of the northwest of Dublin were and are overwhelming proletarian in nature. Indeed, this reflects a long-standing east–west divide in the city, which continues into the present day. In the parishes of St. Paul's and St. Michan's, resting on either side of Smithfield in the northwest, between 76 per cent and 79 per cent of the population were considered working class in 1797. Conversely, in the parishes of St. Thomas and St. George in the northeast of the city, the percentage of the population which was working class was 45 per cent and 31 per cent respectively.[22] A degree of elite distaste toward the behaviour of working-class populations is revealed in the visitation report of an episcopalian archbishop to the region of Grangegorman-Glassmanogue in 1727 when he described the local population, who lacked a church at this point, as lewd and unruly.[23]
In 1787 the governors of the House of Industry considered the need for new accommodation to provide facilities for some two thousand inmates. The old malt house was in a ruinous condition and by the 1790s was deemed in danger of collapse. In September 1791 work began on the New House of Industry at a plot adjoining and to the north of the original building. The site of this building, now demolished, was located at the end of Morning Star Avenue. In 1798 the governors of the House of Industry petitioned the
Richmond General Penitentiary
In 1810, the governors of the House Industry were instructed by the lord lieutenant to purchase land for the construction of a penitentiary. They obtained a 3+1⁄2-acre site from Lord Monck in Grangegorman which was at that time planted with apple and pear trees. They were assigned the task of overseeing the building of the institution that would be known as the Richmond General Penitentiary. The architect appointed was Francis Johnston.[27] The building was completed in 1816.[28] It received its first prisoners in 1820.[29]
Richmond District Asylum
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, there was minimal specialist institutional provision for those deemed insane in Ireland. The lunatic department of the House of Industry, which in 1809 had forty-six cells reserved for this population, was heavily over-subscribed as individuals were sent there from throughout Ireland. Therefore, the governors of the House of Industry petitioned the British parliament for funds to construct additional buildings to meet this demand. The government agreed to fund the construction of an asylum and at the cost of £2,000 lands adjoining and to the east of the site of the House of Industry were purchased and an architect, Francis Johnston, was appointed.[30] It officially opened as the Richmond Lunatic Asylum in 1815 with 250 beds,[31] although it had received its first patients from the lunatic wards of the House of Industry in the previous year. It was named after Charles Lennox who was the Duke of Richmond and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1807–1813). Initially, it was established as a national asylum to receive curable lunatics from throughout the island of Ireland. From 1830, however, it was incorporated into the district asylum system. Thereafter it was renamed the Richmond District Lunatic Asylum and its catchment area was defined as the city and county of Dublin, the counties of Wicklow, Louth, Meath, and the town of Drogheda.[32]
See also
- St. Brendan's Hospital (Grangegorman)
- Richmond General Penitentiary
- Grangegorman Development Agency
- Grangegorman killings
- Grangegorman Military Cemetery which is located beside the Phoenix Park
- List of subdivisions of County Dublin
- Charles Monck, 1st Viscount Monck whose ancestors were from Grangegorman.
Notes
- ^ Placenames Database of Ireland - Grangegorman civil parish
- ^ Tracey, Declan. "Uí Bairrche (Leinster)". Tracey Family: An Irish Family History. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
- ^ a b Central Statistics Office, Ireland (2007). Census 2006 Volume I: Population Defined by Area (PDF). Dublin. pp. 59–60.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Grangegorman Development Agency (2 November 2010). GDA Draft Strategic Plan 2010: Environmental Report (PDF). Dublin. p. 8 (chapter 6), fig 6.3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ordnance Survey Ireland (1802). "Ordnance Survey Map 1802". Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
- ^ Central Statistics Office, Ireland (1972). Census of Population of Ireland 1971 Volume I: Population of District Electoral Divisions, Towns and Larger Units of Area (PDF). Dublin. p. 147.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ireland (2005). "Grangegorman Development Agency Act (2005), Schedule 2, Section 4". For a map of the electoral wards comprising the region defined by this statute as the Neighbourhood of Grangegorman, see: Grangegorman Development Agency (2 November 2010). GDA Draft Strategic Plan 2010: Environmental Report (PDF). Dublin. p. 8 (chapter 6), fig. 6.3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Glasmanogue, although covering a wider region, was a village centred around the location of present day Broadstone at the point where Constitution Hill meets the modern Phibsborough Road. Cromwell, Thomas (1820). Excursions through Ireland Volume I. London. p. 43. McGregor, John James (1821). New Picture of Dublin. Dublin: Johnston. p. 56.
grange.
- ^ Dublin City Parishes 1830s Ireland, History and Genealogy.
- ^ Muriel McCarthy, Marsh's Library: All Graduates and Gentlemen. 2nd ed. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2003
- ^ "Maturin, William" in Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ On this map is shown the Richmond General Penitentiary (1810), the new North Dublin Union (1791) and the Richmond Surgical Hospital (1810), which was rebuilt in the early 20th century. As shown, the original quadrangular building of the Richmond District Lunatic Asylum (1815) was built beside the new premises of the North Dublin Union. The Richmond Asylum also purchased land and constructed buildings on the western side of Grangegorman Lane. A tunnel running underground across Grangegorman Lane connected the east and west half of the Richmond's facilities. The original section on the eastern half became known as the "lower house" while that on the western side became known as the "upper house" or "male house". Not shown are the Hardwicke Fever Hospital (1803) or the Whitworth Chronic Hospital (1814) and its Dispensary (1820). These medical buildings were situated on Brunswick Street North or off Morning Star Avenue. This avenue is shown on the map although it is not named. It is the avenue leading northward from Brunswick Street North towards the North Dublin Union. The House of Industry (1773) became the North Dublin Union following the passage of the Irish Poor Law (1838).
- ^ Mac Giolla Phadraig, Brian (1938). "14th century life in a Dublin Monastery". Dublin Historical Record. 1 (3): 69, 72.
- ^ a b Mac Giolla Phadraig, Brian (1938). "14th century life in a Dublin Monastery". Dublin Historical Record. 1 (3): 75.
- ^ Cosgrave, Augustine Dillon, and Carm, O. (1969). "North Dublin City". Dublin Historical Record. 23 (1): 7.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ King Moylan, Thomas (1945). "The district of Grangegorman (Part III)". Dublin Historical Record. 7 (3): 103.
- ^ Old Dublin Society (1945). Dublin Historical Record. Vol. 7–9. The Old Dublin Society. p. 67.
- ^ King Moylan, Thomas (1945). "The district of Grangegorman (Part III)". Dublin Historical Record. 7 (3): 103–04.
- ^ Tutty, M.J. (1961). "Dublin's oldest charity". Dublin Historical Record. 16 (3): 73.
- ^ Reynolds, Joseph (1992). Grangegorman: Psychiatric Care in Dublin since 1815. Dublin. p. 5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ The minutes of the Corporation's first meeting on Monday 3 August 1772 describe its purpose as a body in the following terms: 'The Corporation instituted for the relief of the Poor and for punishing Vagabonds and Sturdy Beggars in the County of the City of Dublin'. Quoted in, Moylan, Thomas King (1938). "Vagabonds and Sturdy Beggars". Dublin Historical Record. 1 (2): 45.
- ^ Graham, Tommy (1944). "Whitelaw's 1798 Census of Dublin". History Ireland. 2 (3): 14.
- ^ Young, Canon E.J. (1940). "St. Michan's Parish in the eighteenth century". Dublin Historical Record. 3 (1): 3.
- ^ "History". The Richmond Education and Event Centre. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ Moylan, Thomas King (1938). "Vagabonds and sturdy beggars". Dublin Historical Record. 1 (2): 66–9.
- ^ Thom, Alexander (1852). Thom's Directory of Ireland. Dublin. p. 715.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ King Moylan, Thomas (1945). "The District of Grangegorman (Part II)". Dublin Historical Record. 7 (2): 56.
- ISBN 1-872002-61-7.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ Heaney, Henry (1974). "Ireland's Penitentiary 1820–1831: An Experiment that Failed". Studia Hibernica (14): 30.
- ^ Reynolds, Joseph (1992). Grangegorman: Psychiatric Care in Dublin since 1815. Dublin. pp. 20–1.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) O'Shea, Brian; Falvey, Jane (1996). "A history of the Richmond Asylum (St. Brendan's Hospital), Dublin". In Hugh Freeman; German E. Berrios (eds.). 150 Years of British Psychiatry. Volume II: the Aftermath. London. p. 408.{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 0-521-80206-7.
- ^ Reynolds, Joseph (1992). Grangegorman: Psychiatric Care in Dublin since 1815. Dublin. pp. 24, 46.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Bibliography
- Central Statistics Office, Census of Population of Ireland 1971 Volume I: Population of District Electoral Divisions, Towns and Larger Units of Area (Dublin, July 1972).
- Central Statistics Office, Census 2006 Volume I: Population Defined by Area (Dublin, 2007).
- Cromwell, Thomas, Excursions through Ireland
- McGregor, John James, New Picture of Dublin(Dublin, 1821).
External links
- Map of Grangegorman region 1798
- Grangegorman Community Museum
- Grangegorman Development Agency
- Grangegorman Development Agency Act
- Video of planned development of DIT Campus on Grangegorman site (Flash Video software or a web browser supporting H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is necessary to see the content).
- North West Inner City Network
- Grangegorman Community Forum
- Contemporary photographs of St. Brendan's Mental Hospital, Grangegorman from Flickr Hive Mind
- History of St. Brendan's Hospital, Grangegorman: St. Brendan's G.A.A. Football Club