Greenhouse gas monitoring

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Concentrations in ppm of the major greenhouse gases between 1978 and 2010.

Greenhouse gas monitoring is the direct measurement of greenhouse gas emissions and levels. There are several different methods of measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, including infrared analyzing and manometry. Methane and nitrous oxide are measured by other instruments. Greenhouse gases are measured from space such as by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory and networks of ground stations such as the Integrated Carbon Observation System.

Methodology

Carbon dioxide monitoring

Manometry

Manometry is a key measurement tool for atmospheric carbon dioxide by first measuring the volume, temperature, and pressure of a particular amount of dry air. The air sample is dried by passing it through multiple dry ice traps and then collecting it in a five-liter vessel. The temperature is taken via a thermometer and pressure is calculated using manometry. Then, liquid nitrogen is added, causing the carbon dioxide to condense and become measurable by volume.[1] The ideal gas law is accurate to 0.3% in these pressure conditions.

Infrared gas analyzer

Infrared analyzers were used at

IR radiation which splits into two beams and passes through the gas cells. Carbon dioxide absorbs some of the radiation, allowing more radiation that passes through the reference cell to reach the detector than radiation passing through the sample cell. Data is collected on a strip chart recorder. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the sample is quantified by calibrating with a standard gas of known carbon dioxide content.[1]

Titrimetry

cresolphthalein indicator.[1]

Methane gas monitoring

Differential absorption lidar

Range-resolved infrared

climate change research, as methane is among the most impactful gaseous hydrocarbon species.[2]

Nitrous oxide monitoring

Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)

anthropogenic ozone-depleting gases in the atmosphere.[3] It is released into the atmosphere primarily through natural sources such as soil and rock, as well as anthropogenic process like farming. Atmospheric nitrous oxide is also created in the atmosphere as a product of a reaction between nitrogen and electronically excited ozone in the lower thermosphere
.

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer (

ACE-FTS is a crucial resource in predicting future ozone depletion in the upper stratosphere by comparing the different ways in which nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere.[3]

Satellite monitoring

Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO, OCO-2, OCO-3)

The

global atmospheric models and will allow scientists to locate carbon sources when its data is paired with wind patterns. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 operates from the International Space Station (ISS).[4]

Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSat)

Main article: Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite

GOSat is a project of three main entities: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Ministry of the Environment (MOE), and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES).[6]

Ground stations

Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)

The Integrated Carbon Observation System was established in October 2015 in Helsinki, Finland as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC).[7] The main task of ICOS is to establish an Integrated Carbon Observation System Research Infrastructure (ICOS RI) that facilitates research on greenhouse gas emissions, sinks, and their causes. The ICOS ERIC strives to link its own research with other greenhouse gas emissions research to produce coherent data products and to promote education and innovation.[7]

See also

External links

References

  1. ^
    PMID 20536268
    .
  2. ^
    doi:10.3390/rs9090953
    .
  3. ^
    ISSN 0094-8276. Archived
    from the original on 2019-04-27. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  4. ^ a b "OCO 1, 2 (ESSP 5)". space.skyrocket.de. Archived from the original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2018-11-16.
  5. ^ Team, By Carol Rasmussen, NASA Earth Science News. "NASA's OCO-2 brings sharp new focus on global carbon – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet". Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Archived from the original on 2018-04-20. Retrieved 2018-11-16.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^
    PMID 20011012. Archived
    from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
  7. ^ a b "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/2097 of 26 October 2015 on setting up the Integrated Carbon Observation System European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ICOS ERIC)". eur-lex.europa.eu. 26 October 2018. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-19.
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