Guînes
Guînes
Giezene | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 50°52′09″N 01°52′13″E / 50.86917°N 1.87028°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Hauts-de-France |
Department | Pas-de-Calais |
Arrondissement | Calais |
Canton | Calais-2 |
Intercommunality | CC Pays d'Opale |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–2026) | Éric Buy[1] |
Area 1 | 26.42 km2 (10.20 sq mi) |
Population (2021)[2] | 5,545 |
• Density | 210/km2 (540/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/Postal code | 62397 /62340 |
Elevation | 0–166 m (0–545 ft) (avg. 6 m or 20 ft) |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
Guînes (French pronunciation:
On 7 January 1785, Jean-Pierre Blanchard, a French pioneer in hydrogen-balloon flight, completed the first crossing of the English Channel, landing in the woods south of Guînes where a memorial column stands today.
Geography
Guînes is located on the border of the two territories of the
History
Historically, Guînes was the capital of a small county of the same name.
After the
In 928, when the Danes invaded and seized the place, it was probably a defenceless village. A fenced mound and a double ditch would soon have been created by the Danes. This is the origin of the castle of Guînes. Arnulf I, Count of Flanders, realizing a counter-attack would be costly, arranged the marriage of his daughter Elstrude, to Sigfrid, the Danish leader, bestowing upon him the title of Count of Guînes but as vassal to him, the Count of Flanders. Under Sigfrid's successors, the county of Guînes acquired considerable importance.
At the beginning of the 11th century, Count Manassès founded a convent of the order of
At the end of the 11th century,
On 22 January 1351, three years after the capture of
When the French captured the town of Calais in January 1558, Guînes held out, by the courageous efforts of the English commander, William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton. After a few days of desperate fighting, however, Grey was wounded and his soldiers refused to fight on. The French gave honourable terms of surrender and English rule of the area came to an end.
Population
The inhabitants are called Guinois.
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1968 | 4,984 | — |
1975 | 5,034 | +0.14% |
1982 | 5,174 | +0.39% |
1990 | 5,105 | −0.17% |
1999 | 5,221 | +0.25% |
2007 | 5,302 | +0.19% |
2012 | 5,754 | +1.65% |
2017 | 5,626 | −0.45% |
Source: INSEE[5] |
Places and monuments
Blanchard's Column
On 25 May 1785 a column was erected to commemorate Jean-Pierre Blanchard's crossing of the English Channel by hydrogen balloon on 7 January 1785. (50°50′31″N 1°52′02″E / 50.841997365°N 1.86734124246°E). The inscription reads as follows, here translated into English:
MDCCLXXXV
Jean-Pierre Blanchard of Les Andelys in Normandy
accompanied by John Jeffries an Englishman
Leaving from Dover Castle
in an Aerostat.
January 7th at a quarter past one,
was the first to cross the air
above the Pas-de-Calais
and descended for three and a quarter hours
in the very place where the inhabitants of Guines
raised this column
to the glory of the two travellers.
These aeronauts were received on their descent by
P. Eliz Casin d'Honnincthun and Louis Marie Dufosse.
and taken to the castle of M.Le Vicomte Desandrouin
Chamberlain of the Emperor who laid the stone of this
column on May 25, 1785.[Note 1]
See also
Notes
- ^ Original text of Blanchard's Column at Guînes: Sous le régné de Louis XVI MDCCLXXXV, Jean-Pierre Blanchard des Andelys en Normand, Accompagne de Jean Jefferies Anglais, Partit du chateau de Douvre dans un Aérostat, Le VII Janvier a une heure un quart, traversa le prémier les airs au dessus de Pas-de-Calais, et descendit de trois heures trois quarts dans le lieux même ou les habitants de Guînes. Ont élevé cette colonne À la gloire des deux voyageurs.
Ces aeronauts en été recus à leur descent par P. Eliz Casin d'Honnincthun et Louis Marie Dufossé, Et conduits au château de M.Le Vicomté Desandrouin, Chambellan de L'Empereur qui a posé la pierre de cette colonne le 25 Mai 1785.
References
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ Villes et villages, Centre de Recherche Généalogique Flandre-Artois
- ^ INSEE commune file
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
External links
- Statistical data, INSEE