Guipago
Guipago | |
---|---|
Gui'pago (Lone Wolf) (Alone among the Wolves) | |
Kiowa | |
Known for | A chief of the Kiowa Nation, warrior, orator |
Relatives | Chief Dohäsan (Uncle) |
Guipago or Lone Wolf the Elder (Kiowa: Gui-Pah-G(h)o, lit. ''Lone Wolf" or "Alone among the Wolves''; c. 1820 – July 1879) was the last Principal Chief of the Kiowa tribe. He was a member of the Koitsenko, the Kiowa warrior elite, and was a signer of the Little Arkansas Treaty in 1865.
Background
The Kiowa flourished as nomadic hunters in the early 19th Century. In 1863 Lone Wolf (Guipago), accompanied Yellow Wolf, Yellow Buffalo, Little Heart, and White Face Buffalo Calf; two Kiowa women Coy and Etla; and the Indian agent, Samuel G. Colley, to Washington D. C. to establish a policy that would favor the Kiowa, but it was a futile attempt.[1]
In the
On October 21, 1867, Guipago did not sign or vote in favor of the
Political career
In the winter of 1866, Dohasan, the leader of the Kiowa for more than 30 years, died. Guipago (Gui-pah-gho, Lone Wolf), was chosen by the Kiowa people to represent them in Washington, DC. After Salt Creek massacre of the "
Fight near Fort Clark and Tau-ankia and Gui-tan death
That same year, his son and nephew were killed near Fort Clark by a troop of 4th Cavalry while coming back from Mexico with a raiding party which went after horses taken by a big horse-stealing of white thieves. Tau-ankia was the only son of Guipago (Lone Wolf), and was considered an On-de (favored) by his family. Guitan, a boy of 15, tried to save Tau-ankia but both were killed. Long Horn Returned to hide the bodies secretly. News of the deaths reached the Kiowa camps January 13, 1874. The tribe mourned the loss of the two popular young men. Guitan was the son of Aupia-goodle (Red Otter), and Guipago's favorite nephew. In May 1874 Guipago and his brother Aupia-goodle went to rescue their sons' bodies, but a cavalry troop from Fort Concho forced them to abandon the corpses.[5]
During 1873, Guipago (Lone Wolf) became again feared throughout the Southern Plains; he joined
Death and legacy
In 1875 upon surrendering with his band, Guipago (Lone Wolf) was among a group of 27 Kiowa singled out by Tene-angopte on order of the U.S. Army for incarceration at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida, where he would remain until 1879. He was found guilty of rebellion and sentenced to confinement in the dungeons of old Fort Marion at St. Augustine, Florida, and vulnerable to malaria and measles. Guipago contracted malaria during his imprisonment at Fort Marion and was sent home in 1879 to live out his days. He died in July 1879. Guipago is buried in the Wichita Mountains in an unknown location, in the Mount Scott area.[6][full citation needed]
Before his death in 1879 Guipago (Lone Wolf) passed his name to a younger warrior named Mamay-day-te, who became the Elk Creek Lone Wolf. The younger Lone Wolf and his followers lived in the more isolated northern part of the reserve, near Mt. Scott of Lone Wolf "the Elder", and along Elk and Rainy Mountain creeks.[7] He subsequently led Kiowa resistance to government influence on the reservation [8] Lone Wolf the Younger led a group of warriors to recover the bodies and to avenge their deaths.
Guipago's demise as the leading warrior in the words of ethnologist James Mooney, "is the end of the war history of the Kiowa." About the same time other Kiowa war leaders also died crippling the leadership at a crucial time in Kiowa history.[9]
Lonewolf Song 1st Gourd Dance Song
Kooey pah' gaw
Daw onh daw-geath
Day tay dow tigh dow
Koy keah kom' bah
Naw daw tigh dow
Tay dow tigh dow hey
Chief Lonewolf gave us this one song,
It's with all of us,
That song is with all the Kiowas,
It's for all of us.[7]
Cúifà:gàu
dáu á̠u: dáu:gà
dè jé: dáu táidò:
Cáuiqácô̠bàu
nàu dáu táidò:
jé: dáu táidò: he
Current
In 1996 the Old Chief Lone Wolf Descendants created a historical organization in honor of Old Chief Lone Wolf, Gui-pah-gho, The Elder, to remember him as a man of peace, a recognized council leader, an elite warrior, a Sun Dancer, a Kiowa father, and a great Chief of the Kiowa people who fought for the Kiowas' homeland. A memorial bust of Old Chief Lone Wolf-Guipahgo was dedicated at the Kiowa Tribal Complex in Carnegie, OK, on May 27, 2000. The bust is on display at the Ft. Sill Army Museum at Ft. Sill, Oklahoma.[10]
See also
- Texas-Indian Wars
- Red River War
- Warren Wagon Train Raid
- First Battle of Adobe Walls
- Second Battle of Adobe Walls
- Satanta
- Satank
- Dohasan
- Tene-angopte
- Zepko-ete
- Mamanti
- Tsen-tainte
- Ado-ete
References
- ^ J. Lee Jones, Jr., Red Raiders Retaliate: The Story of Lone Wolf. (Seagraves, Texas: Pioneer, 1980)
- ^ a b c J. Lee Jones, Jr., Red Raiders Retaliate: The Story of Lone Wolf (Seagraves, Texas: Pioneer, 1980)
- ^ Kroger, Bill (March 2012). Hunter, Michelle (ed.). "The Trial of Satanta and Big Tree". Texas Bar Journal. 75 (9). Austin, TX: State Bar of Texas: 200.
- ^ a b Dee Brown, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, 1970)
- ^ Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, 1970)
- ^ R.M.Yeahquo, Carnegie, OK
- ^ a b E.R. Satepauhoodle, TU, 1997
- ^ Clark, Carter Blue. "Lonewolf v Hitchcock: Treaty Rights and Indian Law at the End of the Nineteenth Century".
- ^ Clark, Carter Blue. Lonewolf v Hitchcock: Treaty Rights and Indian Law at the End of the Nineteenth Century"
- ^ OCLW, Marilyn Yeahquo, 2010