HMAS Pirie (J189)

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For other ships with the same name, see HMAS Pirie.

HMAS Pirie in 1946
HMAS Pirie in 1946
History
Australia
NamesakeCity of Port Pirie
BuilderBHP, Whyalla
Laid down19 May 1941
Launched3 December 1941
Commissioned10 October 1942
Decommissioned5 April 1946
Motto"Mark of Quality"
Honours and
awards
FateSold to Turkish Navy
History
Turkey
NameAmasra
Commissioned1946
Decommissioned26 March 1984
General characteristics
Class and typeBathurst-class corvette
Displacement733 tons (standard), 1,025 tons (full war load)
Length186 ft (57 m)
Beam31 ft (9.4 m)
Draught8.5 ft (2.6 m)
Propulsiontriple expansion engine, 2 shafts, 2,000 horsepower
Speed15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) at 1,750 hp
Complement85
Armament
NotesTaken from:[1]

HMAS Pirie (J189/B249/A123), named for the city of

Admiralty order but manned by personnel of and commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy
(RAN).

Early in her career, Pirie operated as an escort in the South West Pacific Area, and in April 1943, was damaged off Oro Bay by Japanese aircraft. Tensions between the corvette's commanding officer and the rest of the ship's company, excaberated by the lack of leave, mail, and pay, boiled over during the repair period, and led to a strike-like mutiny by the junior sailors shortly after Pirie returned to service. The mutiny was poorly handled, and the commander was replaced at the end of 1943. During 1944, the ship continued to operate as a convoy escort, and undertook minesweeping duties until she was attached to the British Pacific Fleet. Pirie was the third RAN ship to enter Japanese waters, and was present at Japan's surrender.

After the war, the corvette returned to Australia, and was decommissioned before being sold to Turkey. Renamed TCG Amasra, the ship remained in service with the

Turkish Navy
until 26 March 1984.

Design and construction

Main article: Bathurst-class corvette

In 1938, the

British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and four for the Royal Indian Navy.[2][7][8][9][1]

The corvette was initially fitted with a 12-pounder gun as primary armament; this was later replaced by a 4-inch (100 mm).

40-millimetre (1.6 in) Bofors.[1] An assortment of machine guns were carried for close-in defence, and depth charge throwers and rails were fitted for anti-submarine warfare.[1]

Pirie was laid down by BHP at its Whyalla shipyard on 19 May 1941.[1] She was launched on 3 December 1941 by Mrs. H. T. Kleeman, wife of the Whyalla superintendent of BHP.[1]Pirie was commissioned into the RAN on 10 October 1942, with Lieutenant Commander Charles Ferry Mills in command.[1][11]

Operational history

The corvette was initially assigned to escort duties in the South West Pacific Area.[12]

Oro Bay

On 11 April 1943, Pirie was escorting the British supply ship SS Hanyang from Milne Bay to Oro Bay.[1][10] The ships were 19 kilometres (10 nmi) from their destination when they were attacked by Japanese dive-bombers.[10] The first wave saw Hanyang's steering gear damaged, while Pirie was straddled by bombs but escaped effectively unharmed.[10] One dive-bomber was shot down by the corvette's retaliatory fire.[10] A second pass by the aircraft caused further damage to the merchantman.[10]

A

Zero dived on Pirie, strafing the foredeck and the crew of the 12-pounder while the corvette's starboard Oerlikon shot back.[10] The bomber dropped two bombs: Pirie turned to port to avoid one, but moved directly under the other.[13] The bomb penetrated the armoured bridge canopy, deflected off the helmsman's station, killed the gunnery officer, then struck the foredeck plating and detonated, where it killed six of the seven men on the main gun.[1][14] Had it not struck the bridge first, the bomb would likely had penetrated the magazine before detonating and destroying the entire ship.[14]

Pirie was strafed another three times before the Japanese planes were driven off by Allied fighters and anti-aircraft fire from the corvette.[1][14] In addition to the seven crew killed in the attack, four were seriously wounded.[14] Japanese propaganda, describing the corvette as a destroyer, reported that she had been destroyed.[14] Three United States Army personnel aboard Pirie at the time (a chaplain and two officers) offered to bury the dead at sea.[14] The chaplain later recommended that the ship and her company receive bravery honours.[14] Both ships reached their destination.

After some repairs were effected at Oro Bay, HMAS Whyalla escorted Pirie back to Milne Bay.[14] Further temporary repairs were made, and on 14 April, the corvette sailed for Townsville in company with the sloop HMAS Swan, before continuing on alone to Maryborough, where she arrived on 19 April.[15]

Repairs and mutiny

During Mills' time in command, he had been a strict disciplinarian, required sailors to wear

dress uniforms when going ashore, and over-enforced the division between officers and sailors.[16] Mills also treated both sailors and subordinate officers with contempt: as the only member of the Permanent Navy (as opposed to the Reserve or 'Hostilities Only' recruits), he considered himself superior to all else aboard.[16] The entire ship's company quickly came to dislike him, and any respect for him was further undermined during the air attack at Oro Bay: sailors had witnessed Mills dive for cover when the Japanese planes attacked, forcing the Coxswain to take over and fight.[17] Mills also took to wearing a sling, despite not being wounded.[15]

On coming alongside in Maryborough, the personnel of Pirie found that only some of their expected mail had arrived, and there was no sign of their pay.

messdecks much worse: those aboard were exposed to the noise of repair work, tropical heat, and ankle-deep water in the living areas.[18] The commander himself moved ashore to a hotel, but visited the ship daily to take local dignitaries on tours and spoke of the attack.[19] Mills' wife had travelled to Maryborough, and the ship's men were expected to salute her as if she was a naval officer.[19] A complaint about the living conditions was made to the Coxswain to pass on to Mills, but the commander was uncompassionate.[20] Repairs were completed on 18 May, and Pirie sailed to Townsville to await reassignment.[21] An expected leave period before resuming duties did not eventuate.[21] The corvette was instructed to commence patrol and escort duties along Australia's east coast, to which Mills responded with bravado.[21] The signalman informed his shipmates of the response: some sailors later wrote that this was "the last straw".[21]

Pirie completed her first escort run in late May: she escorted two ships from Townsville to Sydney, then joined a convoy of fourteen merchant ships and five other corvettes back to Townsville.[21] The mood of the ship's company continued to deteriorate, and on 8 June, a large number of sailors met in the foremost messdeck.[19] A complaint about the living conditions was made to the coxswain to pass on to Mills, but the commander was uncompassionate.[22] They wanted to highlight their grievances and requests—a short period of shore leave while Pirie was inactive, their overdue mail to be sent to the ship, and their pay to be delivered—and resolved that the next morning, instead of reporting for duty, half the junior sailors and half the stokers would, instead of reporting for duty, "sit here and see what happens".[23] Older sailors and anyone above the rank of able seaman were not allowed to participate, so the corvette could deploy immediately if necessary and to ensure there were no repercussions for those who had families to support and might wish to continue their naval career after the war.[23]

The next morning, when the order to assemble for morning duties was piped, 45 men failed to respond, and asked to discuss their grievances with Mills.[23] Mills instructed the First Lieutenant and the Coxswain to order the sailors to the quarterdeck.[23] Each sailor was given a direct order, and when all had refused, they were deemed to be in a state of mutiny.[23] The sailors did not know how to proceed, so continued to sit and wait in the messdecks.[23] The Coxswain returned to collect a list of grievances, and was met by shouts from all sides, some of which had little or no connection to the sailors' original reasonings.[24] Another pipe, this time for all personnel to assemble aft, was made, and again, the 45 sailors stayed where they were.[24] Mills, who had received the list, informed those assembled how disappointed he was in the actions of the ship's company, then went ashore to meet with the Naval Officer in Charge (NOIC).[25] Although attending the midday meal, the 45 sailors did not report for afternoon duties, and it was not until 1720, with the NOIC aboard, that they obeyed an order to fall in with the rest of the ship's company on the aft quarterdeck.[26] During the afternoon, an armed guard was stationed on the dock alongside Pirie, and the ship's 12-pounder had been disabled.[23] After reading the relevant passages from the Articles of War, the NOIC instructed anyone unwilling to work to stand aside; nobody did.[26] The ship's company were informed that Pirie would sail for Cid Harbour that evening.[26]

On arrival at Cid Harbour early on 10 June, Mills was informed that a

court martial, and no opportunity to defend themselves or request clemency was offered.[27] The sailors claimed that the decision to disobey orders had come from a consensus of frustration, and later theorised that those punished had either witnessed the commander's actions during the air attack, or were the ones most likely to speak up for themselves against Mills.[28]

The evidence collected by the Inquiry led the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board to conclude that Mills had failed to respond quickly and appropriately to the sailors' actions, and he was transferred to the training base HMAS Cerberus in December.[29] Pirie continued on convoy duties until sailing to Sydney for a refit in December.[30] During his final months in command, Mills attempted to reassert his authority through the use of increasingly frequent disciplinary punishments for minor breaches, such as failing to properly lash hammocks, or washing clothes in the wrong place.[31] Mills' replacement, Lieutenant Commander D. L. Thompson, noted a dramatic improvement in the attitude and discipline of the ship's company when he took command.[32]

1944–45

4-inch gun
and crew on the forecastle of Pirie circa 1945

After the December 1943 refit, Pirie was assigned to patrol and escort duties out of Darwin.[30] During the second half of 1944, the ship operated in the Great Barrier Reef as a minesweeper.[30] In November, Pirie was attached to the British Pacific Fleet's Minesweeping Flotilla.[30]

In July 1945, the corvette was used as a convoy escort off

Okinawa and Iwo Jima.[30] Pirie was the third Australian warship to enter Japanese territorial waters during the war, entering Tokyo Bay on 31 August 1945.[1] She remained in Tokyo Bay until mid-September and was present on Victory over Japan Day (2 September 1945), when the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed.[1][33]

Pirie's wartime service is recognised by three battle honours: "Pacific 1942–45", "New Guinea 1943–44", and "Okinawa 1945".[34][35]

Post-war handover

Pirie returned to Sydney in February 1946.

Turkish Navy.[1]

Turkish service

Renamed TCG Amasra, the ship remained in service with the Turkish Navy until 26 March 1984.[1][36]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q HMAS Pirie (I), Sea Power Centre
  2. ^ a b c Stevens, The Australian Corvettes, p. 1
  3. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 103
  4. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–4
  5. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–5
  6. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 104
  7. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 105, 148
  8. ^ Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 29
  9. ^ Stevens et al., The Royal Australian Navy, p. 108
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Frame & Baker, Mutiny!, p. 168
  11. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny!, pp. 165–6
  12. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny!, p. 1676
  13. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny!, pp. 168–9
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Frame & Baker, Mutiny!, p. 169
  15. ^ a b c Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 170
  16. ^ a b Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pp. 166–7
  17. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pgs. 166-7, 169–70
  18. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pgs. 165, 171
  19. ^ a b c Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 171
  20. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pp. 171–2
  21. ^ a b c d e Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 172
  22. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pp. 172–3
  23. ^ a b c d e f g Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 173
  24. ^ a b Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 175
  25. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pp. 175–7
  26. ^ a b c Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 176
  27. ^ a b c d e Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 179
  28. ^ a b Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pp. 180–2
  29. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 182
  30. ^ a b c d e f Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 184
  31. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! pp. 182–3
  32. ^ Frame & Baker, Mutiny! p. 183
  33. ^ Allied Ships Present in Tokyo Bay During the Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945, Naval Historical Center, U.S. Navy
  34. ^ Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours, Royal Australian Navy
  35. ^ Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours, Royal Australian Navy
  36. ISBN 0-7270-0472-7
    .

References

Books
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External links

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