HaYonim Cave

Coordinates: 32°55′12.32″N 35°13′5.75″E / 32.9200889°N 35.2182639°E / 32.9200889; 35.2182639
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HaYonim Cave
מערת היונים
Natufian
early modern humans
from Africa, through Hayonim.

HaYonim Cave (Hebrew: מערת היונים, romanized: Me'arat HaYonim, lit. 'Cave of the Pigeons') is a cave located in a limestone bluff about 250 meters above modern sea level, in the Upper Galilee, Israel.

History

The site had substantial occupation during the

Natufian culture around 12,000 years ago.[1]

The Mousterian occupation of the cave included Levallois debitage and early Middle Paleolithic blade technology, as well as a series of hearths.

In Hayonim were also found wall carvings depicting symbolic shapes and animals, such a running horse dated to between 40,000-18,500 BP, possibly to the Levantine Aurignacian circa 28,000 BP, and now visible in the Israel Museum.[2][3][4][5][6] This is considered as the first art object found within the context of the Levantine Upper Paleolithic.[6]

The Natufian occupation of the cave featured circular rooms with prepared floors, with a thick midden of lithics, groundstone objects, and worked bone. There were several hearths, and single graves located in abandoned rooms or outside inhabited rooms.

  • Flint end scraper with horn handle for working wood or leather, Late Stone Age, Hayonim Cave, 50000-22000 BP
    Flint end scraper with horn handle for working wood or leather, Late Stone Age, Hayonim Cave, 50000-22000 BP
  • Aurignacian Culture incised animal bones, Hayonim Cave, 28000 BP.
    Aurignacian Culture
    incised animal bones, Hayonim Cave, 28000 BP.
  • Aurignacian Culture bone tools (needle, points and tools for punching holes), Hayonim Cave, 30000 BP.
    Aurignacian Culture bone tools (needle, points and tools for punching holes), Hayonim Cave, 30000 BP.
  • Carving of a horse, Hayonim Cave, 40,000-18,500 BP. Israel Museum.[7][8][9][6]
    Carving of a horse,
    Hayonim Cave, 40,000-18,500 BP. Israel Museum.[7][8][9][6]
  • Bovine-rib dagger, Hayonim Cave, Natufian Culture, 12500-9500 BC.
    Bovine-rib dagger, Hayonim Cave,
    Natufian Culture
    , 12500-9500 BC.
  • Woman's pelvis decorated with fox teeth, Hayonim Cave, Natufian Culture, 12500-9500 BC.
    Woman's pelvis decorated with fox teeth, Hayonim Cave, Natufian Culture, 12500-9500 BC.

See also

References

  1. ^ 'Quantitative Phytolith Study of Hearths from the Natufian and Middle Paleolithic Levels of Hayonim Cave, (Galilee, Israel)' Journal of Archaeological Science 30, pages 461-480., Albert, Rosa M., Ofer Bar-Yosef, Liliane Meignen, and Steve Weiner 2003 [1]
  2. ISBN 9780870994708
    .
  3. ^ "Hayonim horse". museums.gov.il.
  4. ^ "Horse from Hayonim Cave, Israel, 30,000 years" in Israel Museum Studies in Archaeology. Samuel Bronfman Biblical and Archaeological Museum of the Israel Museum. 2002. p. 10.
  5. ^ "Sketch on a pebble found in the Hayonim cave (Israel, Aurignacian period, between c. 43 000 and c. 23 000 BP)" Pigeaud, Romain (2002). D'os, d'images et de mots: contribution à la réflexion sur les sources de l'histoire des connaissances zoologiques ; journée d'étude Université de Liège, 17 mars 2001 (in French). Université de Liège. p. 7.
  6. ^
    doi:10.3406/paleo.1981.4296
    .
  7. ISBN 9780870994708
    .
  8. ^ "Horse from Hayonim Cave, Israel, 30,000 years" in Israel Museum Studies in Archaeology. Samuel Bronfman Biblical and Archaeological Museum of the Israel Museum. 2002. p. 10.
  9. ^ "Hayonim horse". museums.gov.il.
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