Hal Moore
Harold Gregory Moore Jr. | |
---|---|
Nickname(s) | "Hal", "Yellow Hair" |
Born | Bardstown, Kentucky, U.S. | February 13, 1922
Died | February 10, 2017 Auburn, Alabama, U.S. | (aged 94)
Buried | |
Allegiance | United States |
Service/ | United States Army |
Years of service | 1945–1977 |
Rank | Lieutenant general |
Commands held | Army Military Personnel Center Fort Ord Army Training Center 7th Infantry Division 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment 2nd Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment |
Battles/wars | World War II Korean War Vietnam War |
Awards | (9) |
Spouse(s) |
We Were Soldiers Once… And Young We Are Soldiers Still: A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam[2] Executive Vice-President of the Crested Butte Ski Area, Colorado |
Harold Gregory Moore Jr. (February 13, 1922 – February 10, 2017) was a United States Army lieutenant general and author. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the U.S. Army's second-highest decoration for valor, and was the first of his West Point class (1945) to be promoted to brigadier general, major general, and lieutenant general.
Moore is remembered as the
Moore was awarded the Order of Saint Maurice by the National Infantry Association[3] as well as the Distinguished Graduate Award by the West Point Association of Graduates.[4]
Early life and education
Moore was born on February 13, 1922, in
Military service
West Point
Moore received his appointment to the U.S. Military Academy shortly after the United States entered into World War II. He reported to West Point for "Reception Day" on July 15, 1942, and the summer training referred to as "Beast Barracks" held before the formal academic school term took up in the fall.
Post-World War II
Moore's first assignment after graduation was the Infantry Officer Basic Course at
Korean War
During the
Return to the US
In 1954, Moore returned to West Point and served for three years as an instructor in infantry tactics. While serving as an instructor, Moore taught then-Cadet Norman Schwarzkopf, who called Moore one of his "heroes," and cites Moore as the reason he chose the infantry branch upon graduation.[4][19] Schwarzkopf later became a general in the U.S. Army and led the U.N. coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War against Iraq.[19] During this assignment, Moore took a personal interest in the battles between the French Army forces and the Việt Minh at Điện Biên Phủ in Vietnam.[20]
Moore was assigned to attend the year-long student course at the
In 1964, now a
Vietnam War
Battle of la Drang
Beginning on November 14, 1965, Lt. Col. Moore led the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) in the week-long Battle of Ia Drang. Encircled by enemy soldiers with no clear landing zone that would allow them to leave, Moore managed to persevere despite being significantly outnumbered by North Vietnamese Army (NVA) forces that went on to defeat the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry only two-and-a-half miles away the next day. Moore's dictum that "there is always one more thing you can do to increase your odds of success" and the courage of his entire command are credited by Moore with this outcome.[11] Moore was wounded and earned a Purple Heart, but because the wound wasn't serious, he tried unsuccessfully to return the medal and, denied that, he never wore the ribbon or the medal on his uniform.[27] Blond haired Moore was known as "Yellow Hair" to his troops at the battle at Ia Drang, and as a tongue-in-cheek homage making reference to the legendary General George Armstrong Custer, who commanded as a lieutenant colonel the same 7th Cavalry Regiment at the Battle of the Little Bighorn just under a century before.[28] Moore was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary heroism at Ia Drang.[4] After the Battle of the Ia Drang Valley, Moore was promoted to colonel and took over the command of the Garry Owen (3rd) Brigade.[29]
Post-Vietnam War service
After his service in the
Personal life
While assigned to Fort Bragg, Moore met Julia B. Compton, the daughter of Colonel and Mrs. Louis J. Compton. Julia was a student enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina and was visiting her parents at Fort Bragg.[12][39] They were married at the Fort Bragg main post chapel on November 22, 1949.[39][40] After his retirement in 1977, Moore served as the Executive President of the Crested Butte Ski Area, Colorado. In June 2009, the 87-year-old Moore attended the formal opening of the National Infantry Museum in Columbus, Georgia. One of the featured exhibits of the museum is a life-size diorama of L.Z. X-Ray from the Battle of Ia Drang.[41][42] The Moores had five children, Greg Moore, Steve Moore, Julie Moore Orlowski, Cecile Moore Rainey, and David Moore,[43] as well as twelve grandchildren.[15] Two of their sons are career U.S. Army officers: one a retired colonel and another a retired lieutenant colonel.[44]
Moore died from a
Bibliography
- In 1975, the United States Army Center of Military History published Building a Volunteer Army: The Fort Ord Contribution, by Moore and Lieutenant Colonel Jeff M. Tuten. The 139-page paperback is a monograph concerning the Project VOLAR experiments during Moore's tenure in command of Fort Ord in 1971–1973 in preparation for the end of the draft and the implementation of the Modern Volunteer Army.[35]
- In 1992, Moore wrote Benning and Hunter Liggett, depicting Moore's command of 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry, at Fort Benning and in the Battle of Ia Drang.[48]
- Moore and Joseph L. Galloway wrote another book together, a follow-up to their first collaboration. We Are Soldiers Still; A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam was published in 2008. Moore and Galloway reunited to give an interview on the book at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library on September 17, 2008.[49]
Awards and decorations
Purple Heart
While included in the list of awards, Moore never wore the Purple Heart and tried to return the award to the Army while in Vietnam and more formally in 1968. In his January 11, 1968, letter to the Army Adjutant General, he provided this rationale, "I have great respect for the Purple Heart Medal and would be proud to wear it if I consider it were fully earned by me in the future. In the case of this particular award, it was presented on the basis of a superficial "punji-stake" injury in Vietnam in October 1965. I do not feel that I earned the award for that slight injury and hence have never worn it, do not intend to, and request my records be set straight."[50]
On January 16, 1968, the Adjutant General provided a formal response declining the request. The letter summarized, "General Orders pertaining to this award cannot be revoked. This award is part of your official records. It will be available to you in the future if you desire it."[51]
List of awards and decorations
Badge | Combat Infantryman Badge w/ Star | ||
---|---|---|---|
Badge | Basic Army Aviator Badge | ||
1st row | Army Distinguished Service Cross[4] | Army Distinguished Service Medal | |
2nd row | Legion of Merit with two bronze oak leaf clusters | "V" Device and three bronze Oak Leaf Clusters (three awards for Valor)[4]
|
Purple Heart |
3rd row | Air Medal w/ eight Oak Leaf Clusters | Joint Service Commendation Medal
|
Army Commendation Medal w/ two Oak Leaf Clusters
|
4th row | American Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
|
World War II Victory Medal |
5th row | Army of Occupation Medal | National Defense Service Medal w/ one bronze 3⁄16" service stars | Korean Service Medal w/ three bronze 3⁄16" service stars |
6th row | Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal | Vietnam Service Medal w/ three 3⁄16" bronze stars | Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross w/ three Palms
|
7th row | United Nations Korea Medal
|
Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal w/ 1960– device | Republic of Korea War Service Medal |
Badge | Distinctive Unit Insignia
| ||
---|---|---|---|
Badge | Republic of Vietnam Parachutist Badge
| ||
1st row | US Army Presidential Unit Citation | ||
2nd row | Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation
|
Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation (two awards)
|
|
Badge | 1st Cavalry Division Combat Service Identification Badge |
Badges | Master Parachutist Badge
|
Original Air Assault Badge (Unofficial) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Badges | Army Staff Identification Badge | Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge |
Other recognition
- Order of Saint Maurice by the National Infantry Association[3]
- Distinguished Graduate Award from the West Point Association of Graduates[4]
- The Naming Commission has recommended that Fort Benning be renamed Fort Moore, after Moore and his wife Julia Moore.[52]This recommendation was accepted and the name change was effective May 11, 2023.
Notes
- ^ The name of Camp Popolopen was changed to Camp Buckner after World War II to honor General Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., who was killed in action during the closing days of the Battle of Okinawa.
Citations
- ^ "Julia Moore Obituary". Columbus Ledger-Enquirer (by Legacy.com). April 21, 2004.
- ISBN 978-0-06-114776-0.
- ^ a b "OSM0203" (PDF). Infantry Association. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2005. Retrieved February 19, 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Harold G. Moore, Jr.", 2003 Distinguished Graduate Award, West Point Association of Graduates
- ^ Guardia 2013, pp. 13–14
- ^ Moore's WW2 Draft Card lists his employer as the United States Senate with the place of employment being the Senate Office Building.
- ^ a b Guardia 2013, pp. 15–19
- ^ Moore & Galloway (2008), p. 160
- ^ a b c d e f Guardia 2013, pp. 20–29
- ^ Moore & Galloway (2008), p. 73
- ^ a b Moore & Galloway (2008), p. 162
- ^ a b c Guardia 2013, pp. 30–36
- ^ Guardia 2013, p. 40
- ^ Guardia 2013, pp. 45–46
- ^ a b "Harold G. "Hal" Moore". The Air University. 2007. Archived from the original (Eagle Biography) on May 30, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
- ^ Barnwell, Ross (February 10, 2019). "Footage: "We Were Soldiers" Hal Moore Talks About The Battle For Ia Drang". War History Online. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
Moore was to become a "jumpmaster" with over 300 Airborne jumps
- ^ Guardia, pp. 58–59
- ^ Guardia, pp. 77–78
- ^ a b Guardia, p. 85
- ^ Guardia, pp. 86–87
- ^ Guardia, p. 87
- ^ Guardia, p. 92
- ^ "Graduation Exercises" (PDF). The United States Naval War College. June 17, 1964. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "A Soldier Once...and Always". Hal Moore: A Soldier Once. and Always. Facebook. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
Lt. Col. Hal Moore in his first command portrait as the CO of 2nd Battalion, 23rd Infantry (later re-designated: 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry).
- ^ a b c Guardia, p. 103
- ^ Guardia, pp. 105–106
- ^ Modinger, John H. (June 10, 2022). "Hal Moore A Life in Pictures". Army University Press. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- ^ "Moore, Harold ("Yellow Hair"), LTG". TogetherWeServed. TogetherWeServed, Inc. 2011. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
- ^ Guardia, p. 141
- ^ Guardia, p. 159
- ^ a b Guardia, pp. 160–161
- ^ Guardia, p. 162
- ^ Guardia, pp. 162–163
- ^ Guardia, pp. 163–169
- ^ a b Moore and Tuten, pp. 52–59
- ^ Guardia, pp. 170–175
- ^ Guardia, pp. 180–181
- ^ Guardia, p. 181
- ^ a b Moore & Galloway (2008), p. 217
- ^ Guardia, p. 54
- Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. Archived from the originalon June 21, 2009.
- ^ Galloway, Joseph L. (October 29, 1990). "Vietnam story: The word was the Ia Drang would be a walk. The word was wrong". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on September 11, 2002. Retrieved September 11, 2002.
- Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. April 21, 2004. Retrieved April 29, 2007.
- ^ Moore and Galloway (2008), pp. 220–221
- ^ Turner, Troy (February 11, 2017). "We Were Soldiers' hero passes; the celebrated life story of a soldier, a leader, a father". Opelika-Auburn News. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
- ^ "Graveside Service Ft Benning, GA Lt. Gen. Hal Moore" (Video). YouTube. February 17, 2017. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
- ^ Williams, Chuck (February 17, 2017). "Retired Lt. Gen. Hal Moore remembered as great warrior, leader". Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. Columbus. GA.
He was buried with his wife of 55 years, Julia Compton Moore, who died in 2004
- ^ Moore & Galloway (2008), pp. 221-222
- ^ "Moore and Galloway Webcast Interview". Pritzker Military Museum & Library. September 17, 2008.
- ^ Letter dtd January 11, 1968 from Harold G. Moore to AGPB-AC, HQ, DA, TAGO
- ^ Letter dtd January 16, 1968 from AGPB-AC, HQ, DA, TAGO in official records of Harold G. Moore Jr
References
- "Gathering of Eagles biography". Gathering of Eagles. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
- "Graduation Exercises" (PDF). The United States Naval War College. June 17, 1964. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
- "Harold G. Moore, Jr". 2003 Distinguished Graduate Award. West Point Association of Graduates. May 24, 2003. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- Guardia, Mike (November 5, 2013). Hal Moore: A Soldier Once…And Always. Havertown, Pennsylvania: Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-61200-207-1.
- Moore, Harold G.; Joseph L. Galloway (1992). We Were Soldiers Once...and Young: Ia Drang: the battle that changed the war in Vietnam. New York, New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-41158-1.
- Moore, Harold G.; Joseph L. Galloway (2008). We Are Soldiers Still: A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam. New York, New York: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-114776-0.
- Moore, Harold G.; Jeff M. Tuten. "Building a Volunteer Army: The Fort Ord Contribution" (PDF). Publications Catalog. U.S. Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.