Hardwicke, New Zealand
Hardwicke | ||
|---|---|---|
Island Auckland Island | | |
| Established | December 1849 | |
| Abandoned | August 1852 | |
| Population (1850) | ||
| • Total | 66 | |
Hardwicke was the name of an agricultural and whaling community set up at Port Ross, a natural harbour on Auckland Island in the Auckland Islands in the Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand. Although a short-lived settlement was established, it was abandoned within three years.
History
This colonial settlement was first proposed in 1846. The
The Enderby Settlement was the start of the establishment of Hardwicke, the intended ship provisioning and whaling station in Erebus Cove, Port Ross, at the north-eastern end of Auckland Island, close to
Settlement began in December 1849.[2] Three ships, the Samuel Enderby, Fancy and Brisk from Britain arrived at Port Ross with the intending colonists, prefabricated houses and bricks with which to build chimneys. The settlers were carefully chosen to establish the new colony. They included women and children as well as farm workers, shipwrights, a surgeon, a civil engineer and other people with appropriate skills.[1]
When the colonists arrived at Port Ross they found a group of
In January 1850, the settlement was officially named "Hardwicke" after the Earl of Hardwicke, the governor of the company.[2] Two farm sites were chosen, one on Auckland Island and the other on Enderby Island. However crops were difficult to grow because of poor soils, harsh climate and high rainfall. Livestock were hard to muster in the thick scrub. Whaling was also unproductive. Within three years, special commissioners from the whaling company decided to close the settlement as it was too expensive to maintain.
It was abandoned in August 1852, after a period of two years and nine months during which five weddings, sixteen births and two infant deaths had taken place.[2] In 1854, the island was also abandoned by Māori, most of whom resettled on Stewart Island, with the remainder returning to the Chathams.[3] Most of Hardwicke's buildings were disassembled and removed, leaving little evidence that settlement had occurred – the prefabricated buildings were later auctioned off in Sydney.[3]
Today all that remains is a cemetery containing six graves: the remains of infant settlers, and three subsequent castaways from the wrecks of the Dundonald (1907), Invercauld (1864), and General Grant (1866).[3]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9582977-0-7.
- ^ a b c d Murihiku timeline (Abandoned website) Backup copy at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b c d Rykers, Ellen (July–August 2018). "The lie of the land". New Zealand Geographic. 152: 92–103.