Hatching

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Veronica
Albrecht Dürer, Veronica, engraving, 1513. Example of hatching (e.g., background) and cross-hatching in many darker areas (visible if viewed at full size).
Detail of Veronica

Hatching (

monochromatic representations of colour images, particularly in heraldry
.

Hatching is especially important in essentially linear media, such as

Master ES and Martin Schongauer in engraving and Erhard Reuwich and Michael Wolgemut in woodcut were pioneers of both techniques, and Albrecht Dürer
in particular perfected the technique of crosshatching in both media.

Artists use the technique, varying the length, angle, closeness and other qualities of the lines, most commonly in drawing, linear painting and engraving.

Technique

The main concept is that the quantity, thickness and spacing of the lines will affect the brightness of the overall image and emphasize forms creating the illusion of volume. Hatching lines should always follow (i.e. wrap around) the form. By increasing quantity, thickness and closeness, a darker area will result.

An area of shading next to another area which has lines going in another direction is often used to create contrast.

Line work can be used to represent colors, typically by using the same type of hatch to represent particular

tones. For example, red might be made up of lightly spaced lines, whereas green could be made of two layers of perpendicular
dense lines, resulting in a realistic image.

Crosshatching is the technique of using line to shade and create value.

Variations

Linear hatching
Hatching in parallel lines. Normally the lines follow the direction of the described plane.[1]
Crosshatching
Layers of hatching applied at different angles to create different textures and darker tones. At its simplest, a layer of linear hatching is laid over another layer at a 90° angle, to which further diagonal layers may be added. Other methods include layering arbitrary intersecting patches.[1] Crosshatching in which layers intersect at slight angles can create a rippled moiré effect.[2]
Contoured hatching
Hatching using curved lines to describe light and form of contours.[2]

Representation of materials

In

International Standards Organization
(ISO), though there are many other predefined patterns that may be used. Thus, the hatching pattern of steel varies from that of aluminum, copper, etc. The patterns are not only for metals. Patterns for grass, gravel, brick, and others are frequently found on architectural drawings.

  • Cross section of a cam follower stud. Notice the double lines for the steel pattern of the "outer race" component. Also, the commonly used pattern of diagonal lines and variations of it are shown.
    Cross section of a cam follower stud. Notice the double lines for the steel pattern of the "outer race" component. Also, the commonly used pattern of diagonal lines and variations of it are shown.
  • A drawing from the 1960s. Partial hatching on the stone facade is used for clarity.
    A drawing from the 1960s. Partial hatching on the stone facade is used for clarity.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b South 2009, p. 132.
  2. ^ a b South 2009, p. 133.
  3. ^ American National Standard for Section Lining ANSI Y14.2M-1979 (R1987)

Works cited

South, Helen (2009). The Everything Drawing Book. Everything Books.

.

External links