Hay Castle
Hay Castle | |
---|---|
Castell y Gelli | |
General information | |
Location | Hay-on-Wye, Powys, Wales |
Coordinates | 52°04′26″N 3°07′34″W / 52.07390°N 3.12611°W |
Construction started | Late 11th or early 12th century |
Website | |
https://www.haycastletrust.org |
Hay Castle (
History
11th–16th centuries
The
The de Braose dynasty expanded Hay Castle in stone around 1200 with a
17th–19th centuries
Hay Castle was substantially expanded in the 17th century, creating a Jacobean mansion.[13] Two explanations have been offered by historians for this redevelopment. One possibility is that during the first half of the 17th century Howell Gwynne built a manor house to the west of the old keep, which was replaced by a new mansion in 1660 by James Boyle of Hereford.[13] Another reverses this sequence, suggesting that James Boyle left the castle to Howell Gwynne in 1603, and that the mansion was built at the beginning of the century.[14] In either case, the Jacobean building was two storeys tall, three with its facade included, and featured seven dormer gables in a Dutch style and a large staircase.[15] It was built from stone and incorporated the upper floors of the old keep into its design.[16] Formal gardens were constructed outside the keep either around the start of the 17th century or after 1660.[17] In 1702, the house was divided up among different tenants, and passed into the hands of the local Wellington family.[18] Until 1812, the basement of the keep was used to supplement the town gaol.[19]
In 1809, the industrialist Sir
20th–21st centuries
Between 1904 and 1906 the castle was rented by the Morell family, after which it was occupied by the
In 2011 the castle was sold for around £2 million to Hay Castle Trust, which acquired it to restore the building for use as a centre for arts, literature and learning.
The castle site is now approximately 110 by 100 metres (360 by 330 ft) across.[29] The Jacobean mansion has been restored to create the centre for arts, literature and learning. The earlier buildings have been stabilised. None of the earthworks or curtain wall survive, except for a small portion next to the gateway; this fragment of wall is 6 feet (1.8 m) thick and shows the original bank to have been as much as 25 feet (7.6 m) high when viewed from the outside, but is in poor condition.[30] The wooden door on the left side of the gateway probably dates from around 1300, and the right door from the early 17th century.[31] There are some limited remains of the old walled garden interspersed in the modern housing estate.[32] The main castle site is protected under law as a Grade I listed building.[10] The castle gardens are listed Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.[33]
See also
Notes
- ^ Carpenter 2004, p. 110
- ^ Prior 2006, p. 141; Carpenter 2004, p. 110
- ^ Evans 1912, pp. 80–81
- ^ King 1961, p. 70
- ^ Evans 1912, p. 81; "Hay Castle: A Turbulent History", Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Hay-on_Wye" (PDF), Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ King 1961, p. 69; "Hay-on_Wye" (PDF), Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay-on_Wye" (PDF), Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, retrieved 2 May 2016; Higham & Barker 2004, p. 184
- ^ "Hay-on_Wye" (PDF), Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ a b Samuel Lewis (1849), "'Hay – Herbrandston', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales", British History Online, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ a b Cadw, "Hay Castle, Hay", British Listed Buildings, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ Samuel Lewis (1849), "'Hay – Herbrandston', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales", British History Online, retrieved 2 May 2016; Cadw, "Hay Castle, Hay", British Listed Buildings, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ Smith 1906, p. 111
- ^ a b c d "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Hay Castle Newsletter", Hay Castle Trust, Autumn 2015, retrieved 2 May 2015
- ^ "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Castle House Hay", Coflein, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay Castle", Coflein, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Castle House Hay", Coflein, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ Briggs 1991, p. 154; "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 3, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ Cadw, "Hay Castle, Hay", British Listed Buildings, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Hay Castle: A Turbulent History", Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay Castle", Coflein, pp. 2, 4, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016; Forde 2015, p. 14
- ^ Briggs 1991, p. 154; "Hay Castle", Rick Mather Architects, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Castle House Hay", Coflein, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ Forde 2015, p. 15
- ^ "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. 2, retrieved 2 May 2016; Forde 2015, pp. 14–15; "Gone for nearly £2m – Hay-on-Wye's Norman castle is sold", Wales Online, 22 March 2013, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ Forde 2015, pp. 115; Briggs 1991, p. 154
- ^ "Gone for nearly £2m – Hay-on-Wye's Norman castle is sold", Wales Online, 23 May 2011, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Hay Castle Restoration Boosted by Significant Grants", Hereford Times, 21 September 2015, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay Castle", Rick Mather Architects, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ "Hay Castle to open to the public for the first time", BBC News, 27 March 2022
- ^ "Hay-on-Wye Castle, Masonry Phases", Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, retrieved 2 May 2016
- ^ King 1961, p. 69; Forde 2015, p. 15
- ^ Burton 2010–2011, p. 253; Forde 2015, p. 15
- ^ "Hay Castle", Rick Mather Architects, retrieved 2 May 2016; "Hay Castle", Coflein, p. d, retrieved 2 May 2016
- National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 6 February 2023
Bibliography
- Briggs, C. S. (1991), "Garden Archaeology in Wales", in Brown, A. E. (ed.), Garden Archaeology: Papers Presented to a Conference at Knuston Hall, Northamptonshire, April 1988, London, UK: Council for British Archaeology, pp. 138–159, ISBN 1-872414-17-6
- Burton, Peter A. (2010–2011), "Original Castle Gates and Doors – A Survey", The Castle Studies Group Journal (24): 246–259
- Carpenter, David (2004), The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284, London, UK: Penguin, ISBN 978-0-14-014824-4
- Evans, Christopher J. (1912), Breconshire, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
- Forde, Mari (2015), "Saving the Castle in the Town of Books", Rural Wales (Autumn 2015): 14–15
- Higham, Robert; Barker, Philip (2004), Timber Castles, Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press, ISBN 978-0-85989-753-2
- King, D. J. Cathcart (1961), "The Castles of Breconshire", Brycheiniog, 7: 71–94
- Prior, Stuart (2006), A Few Well-Positioned Castles: The Norman Art of War, Stroud, UK: Tempus, ISBN 978-0-7524-3651-7
- Smith, Toulmin (1906), The Itinerary in Wales of John Leland in or about the years 1536–1539, London, UK: George Bell and Sons
External links
- Media related to Hay Castle at Wikimedia Commons