Hemlock Creek (Fishing Creek tributary)

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Coordinates: 40°59′42″N 76°28′27″W / 40.99487°N 76.4741°W / 40.99487; -76.4741
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Hemlock Run.
Hemlock Creek looking downstream

Hemlock Creek is a stream in

Fishing Creek.[1] It is primarily in Madison and Hemlock Townships. Its named tributaries are West Hemlock Creek and Frozen Run
. Hemlock Creek flows through Montour Ridge. Industries in the vicinity of Hemlock Creek have largely consisted of mills and iron mines. The creek's watershed is in Columbia and Montour Counties and is 16 square miles (41 km2) in area.

Course

Hemlock Creek looking downstream

Hemlock Creek starts in Madison Township, a few miles north of the community of Columbia Hill.[2][3] The creek flows southeast, paralleling Pennsylvania Route 44. After several miles, it goes into Hemlock Township. It continues to parallel Pennsylvania Route 44 as it picks up its first tributary, West Hemlock Creek, and flows into Buckhorn. It then flows southwest past Frosty Valley, where it picks up its second tributary, Frozen Run. The creek then heads southeast into Fernville, where it empties into Fishing Creek.[2]

Tributaries

Frozen Run, a tributary of Hemlock Creek

Hemlock Creek's main tributaries are West Hemlock Creek and Frozen Run.[1] West Hemlock Creek also has several unnamed tributaries.[4] Frozen Run starts in western Hemlock Township and flows eastward through Frosty Valley to join Hemlock Creek in Buckhorn. West Hemlock Creek also starts in western Hemlock Township and joins the main stem in Buckhorn.[2]

Hydrology

The eight year average annual

rainfall is 37.7 inches (96 cm). The eight year average annual runoff level is 0.11 inches (2.8 mm).[4]

An annual mean of 35,862.5795 pounds (16,266.9924 kg) of

unpaved roads. Additionally, 55.6164 pounds (25.2272 kg) come from land in transition, 3.2877 pounds (1.4913 kg) come from grass and turf, and 0.9315 pounds (0.4225 kg) come from high-intensity development.[4]

Watershed

The watershed of Hemlock Creek is 16 square miles (41 km2) in area. Almost all of the watershed is in Columbia County, although a small area of it is in Montour County.[4]

Interstate 80 and Pennsylvania Route 44 are the main highways in the southern and western part of the watershed. In addition, there are a number of township roads in the watershed.[4]

Agricultural land is the most common land use in the Hemlock Creek watershed. 56% of the watershed is devoted to this land use. Forests make up 40% of the watershed's land and developed land makes up 4% of it.[4]

Geography and geology

The source of Hemlock Creek is 500 feet (150 m) higher in elevation than the mouth. The highest elevations occur in the western part of the watershed. The watershed is within the

ridge and valley geographical province.[4]

In the higher areas of the Hemlock Creek watershed, half of the rock is

Catskill Formation's Irish Valley Member and the Hamilton Group. Sandstone and shale of the Trimmers Rock Formation and the Wills Creek Formation also occurs in the watershed. Much of the northern two thirds of the creek's watershed is the Trimmers Rock Formation. Most of the rest of the northern part of the watershed has Irish Valley Member rocks, but an area in the northeastern part of the watershed has another rock formation. The southern part of the watershed has bands of Hamilton Group, Wills Creek Formation, Clinton Group, and Bloomsburg Formation and Mifflintown Formation undivided.[4]

The most common soil series in the Hemlock Creek watershed, especially the upper part, is the Berks-Weikert-Bedington soil series, which is a

silt loam
with shale. Other soil series in the watershed include the Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin series and the Chenango-Pope- Holly soil series. The northern and southern portions of the watershed are home to the Berks-Weikert-Bedington series. The central part is home to the Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin series. The Chenango-Pope-Holly soil series occurs in a small area in the southeast of the watershed, near Bloomsburg.[4]

A book from the 1800s described

alumina, water, and traces of lime and carbonic acid.[6]

There is one anticlinal crest which starts north of Bloomsburg and ends near the valley of Hemlock Creek.[5][7]

Hemlock Creek cuts a wide valley through Montour Ridge.[7]

History

Hemlock Creek was known as Hemlock Creek in the earliest surveys of what is now Hemlock Township, and was then part of Wyoming Township, Northumberland County. Elisha Barton was an early settler in the Hemlock Creek area. He arrived there in 1781 and owned a tract of land between the mouth of Hemlock Creek and Buckhorn. Peter Brugler was another early settler in the region. He arrived in the Hemlock Creek watershed between 1788 and 1790. He owned 600 acres in Hemlock Township, including land along West Hemlock Creek.[8]

A

timber. It was the first mill for this purpose in Hemlock Township. However, Barton had built a mill on the northern bank of Hemlock Creek 0.5 miles (0.80 km) from its mouth, shortly after arriving in the area. The mill was torn down and rebuilt by Isiah Barton in 1842. It was also renamed the Red Mill at this time. In 1885, Isiah McKelvy bought the mill and added a roller system. The mill was still operating as late as the 1910s.[8]

Another mill was built in the upper reaches of Hemlock Creek in 1812, by a man named Pepper. It stopped operating before the 1910s. The White Mill was also built by the Barton family (James Barton, Isiah Barton's son to be specific) on Hemlock Creek near Bloomsburg in 1842. The White Mill's construction involved the use of the largest timbers of any mill in Columbia County. The mill was renovated in 1882 and renamed Montour Mills.[8]

The Irondale Mine was historically operated near Hemlock Creek.[5]

Biology

In the parts of Hemlock Creek where agriculture is performed, there are few or no riparian buffers. Livestock can also access the creek in places. All the streams in the watershed are considered impaired by the EPA.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Google Maps, retrieved December 12, 2013
  2. ^
    USGS, hemlock.jpg, archived from the original
    on 2014-02-01, retrieved December 12, 2013
  3. USGS, madison.jpg, archived from the original
    on February 1, 2014, retrieved December 12, 2013
  4. ^
    EPA (January 8, 2013), HEMLOCK CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Columbia and Montour Counties, retrieved December 12, 2013[permanent dead link
    ]
  5. ^ a b c Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1883), Report of Progress 1874–1889, A–Z
  6. ^ Pennsylvania State Geologist (1836-1841) (1838), Annual Report on the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b J.H. Battle (1887), History of Columbia and Montour Counties, Pennsylvania
  8. ^ a b c J.H. Beers (1915), Historical and Biographical Annals of Columbia and Montour Counties, Pennsylvania, Containing a Concise History of the Two Counties and a Genealogical and Biographical Record of Representative Families...

External links

40°59′42″N 76°28′27″W / 40.99487°N 76.4741°W / 40.99487; -76.4741

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