Henry Fox Bourne

Henry Richard Fox Bourne (24 December 1837 – 2 February 1909) was a British

Early life

Henry Fox Bourne was born at Grecian Regale,

In 1862 Fox Bourne made some reputation by his first independently published work, A Memoir of Sir Philip Sidney, which showed painstaking research and critical insight, and remains a standard biography. There followed English Merchants (1866); Famous London Merchants (1869), written for younger readers; The Romance of Trade (1871); English Seamen under the Tudors (1868), and The Story of Our Colonies (1869). In these books Fox Bourne traced in a popular style the rise of England's commerce and colonial expansion. In 1870 Fox Bourne retired from the war office, and with the money granted him in lieu of a pension purchased the copyright and control of The Examiner. Although John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer, and Frederic Harrison were still among the contributors, the paper proved in Bourne's hands a financial failure, and he disposed of it in 1873 (see F. Harrison's Reminiscences, 1911).

The next two years he mainly spent on a Life of John Locke, which he published in 1876. From 1876 to 1887 he was editor of the Weekly Dispatch which under his auspices well maintained its radical independence. Fox Bourne freely criticised the Gladstonian administration of 1880-5, and his hostility to Gladstone's home rule bill of 1886 led to his retirement from the editorship.

Aborigines Protection Society

Fox Bourne became secretary of the

At first, the APS, like the Anti-Slavery Society with which it merged in 1909, supported the work of British chartered companies, and believed that nurturing legitimate and more profitable trade would eliminate slave trafficking.[1] By 1894, the APS retracted its support, protesting against the violence in Mashonaland in 1893 that resulted from the war which the British South Africa Company had entered into with the Matabele under Lobengula.^[2] The APS, in contrast with the Anti-Slavery Society, disapproved of the policy of allowing chartered companies to govern colonies, sensing a conflict of interest between maintaining justice and extracting maximum profit.^[3] In 1900, Fox Bourne expressed in a policy statement entitled The Claims of Uncivilised Races that the native had three fundamental rights: to his land, to his rites and institutions, and to an equal share of profits arising from colonisation. These rights should not be taken without his understanding and approval. Colonisation should be for the 'moral advantage' of the colonised more than for the 'material advantage' of the colonising power.^[4][3]

Although he failed in his attempts to secure the franchise for natives in the

Death

Fox Bourne died suddenly at Torquay, from bronchitis contracted on his holiday, on 2 February 1909, and was cremated at Woking. A memorial service was held at Araromi chapel, Lagos. He married on 1 May 1862 Emma Deane, daughter of Henry Bleckly, a Warrington ironmaster. His widow, with two sons and a daughter, survived him.

Besides the works mentioned, Fox Bourne published: 1. (with the Earl of Dundonald) Life of Thomas, Lord Cochrane, 1869. 2. Foreign Rivalries in Industrial Products, 1877. 3. English Newspapers, 2 vols. 1887, a serviceable chronicle of journalistic history. 4. The Aborigines Protection Society; Chapters in its History, 1899.

References

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Owen, W. B. (1912). "Bourne, Henry Richard Fox". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 200–201.

Bibliography

• Bressey, Caroline (2013). Empire, race and the politics of Anti-Caste (1. publ. ed.). London [u.a.]: Bloomsbury.
  ISBN 978-1780935799
  .
• Coombes, Annie E. (1997). Reinventing Africa: museums, material culture and popular imagination in late Victorian and Edwardian England (2. print. ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press.
  ISBN 0300068905
  .
• Porter, Bernard (2007). Critics of Empire: British radicals and the imperial challenge. London: I. B. Tauris.
  ISBN 978-1845115067
  .

• Works by Henry Fox Bourne at Project Gutenberg
• University of Pennsylvania: Online Books by H.R. Fox Bourne