Torquay
Torquay | |
---|---|
Town | |
View across Torquay Harbour | |
Location within Devon | |
Population | 65,245 (2011)[1] |
OS grid reference | SX915655 |
Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | TORQUAY |
Postcode district | TQ1, TQ2 |
Dialling code | 01803 |
Police | Devon and Cornwall |
Fire | Devon and Somerset |
Ambulance | South Western |
UK Parliament | |
Torquay (/tɔːrˈkiː/ tor-KEE) is a seaside town in Devon, England, part of the unitary authority area of Torbay. It lies 18 miles (29 km) south of the county town of Exeter and 28 miles (45 km) east-north-east of Plymouth, on the north of Tor Bay, adjoining the neighbouring town of Paignton on the west of the bay and across from the fishing port of Brixham.
The town's economy, like Brixham's, was initially based upon fishing and agriculture; however, in the early 19th century, it began to develop into a fashionable
The writer Agatha Christie was born in the town and lived at Ashfield in Torquay during her early years. There is an "Agatha Christie Mile", a tour with plaques dedicated to her life and work.[2]
The poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning lived in the town from 1837 to 1841. This was on the recommendation of her doctor in an attempt to cure her of a disease; the disease is thought likely to have been tuberculosis. Her former home now forms part of the Regina Hotel in Vaughan Parade.
Toponymy
Torquay's name originates in its being the
History
The area comprising modern Torquay has been inhabited since
Roman soldiers are known to have visited Torquay during the period when Britain was a part of the Roman Empire, leaving offerings at a curious rock formation in Kents Cavern, known as "The Face".[7]
The first major building in Torquay was
The second phase in the expansion of Torquay began when Torre railway station was opened on 18 December 1848. The improved transport connections resulted in rapid growth at the expense of nearby towns not on Isambard Kingdom Brunel's railways. The more central Torquay railway station was opened on 2 August 1859 with views of the sea from the platforms. After the growth of the preceding decades, Torquay was granted borough status in 1892.[10]
The Royal National Lifeboat Institution's Torquay Lifeboat Station was at the Ladies Bathing Cove from 1876 until 1923. A second lifeboat was kept at the harbour from 1917 until 1928.[12] Torquay was regarded as a "Spa Town" after the Marine Spa was built on Beacon Hill near the harbour. Originally called the "Bath Saloons complex", it had an open air tide-filled swimming bath. The complex was opened in 1853 after Beacon Hill headland was dynamited to make space for it. Charles Dickens was said to have made readings there.[13]
During
During
The
After World War II several private high-rise blocks of flats were constructed above the Rock Walk cliffs and harbour, giving the area a Monte Carlo feel. In 1971, after a tragedy, the Marine Spa was demolished to make way for the ill-fated Coral Island leisure complex. This was characterised by its concrete arches on its uppermost floor and sunbathing decks like those of a cruise liner. The site featured a hexagonal outdoor plunge pool surrounded by sunbathing terraces leading down to Beacon Cove beach. Inside the building were several lounges, a restaurant and a nightclub within the arches of the ancient swimming bath. All levels were served by a hydraulic passenger lift. Coral Island opened in 1977, and closed in 1988. The complex was demolished in 1997, 20 years after its construction. The site remained derelict until 2002 when the Living Coasts coastal zoo was built there.[18]
Torquay also boasted rehabilitation facilities for the blind at America Lodge, which was owned by the RNIB for a number of decades. Like many RNIB properties, this was sold off in the 1990s and the building was subdivided into private apartments.[19]
In the late 1980s, Fleet Street was rebuilt as the Fleet Walk shopping centre which has street-level shops and an upper-level shopping deck. The long, curved building which follows the street is magnolia-coloured and in mock Victorian style. In the late 1990s and early 2000s new pubs and night clubs opened around the harbour, leading to an increase in binge drinking;[20] however, in recent years a better police presence and responsible drinks promotions have improved the situation.[21]
Areas around Torquay have also been affected by either refurbishments or closure. For instance, the Rock Walk located on the town's seafront was refurbished through a £3 million funding project,[22] resulting in its reopening on 3 October 2010, as part of the Royal Terrace Gardens festival.[23] In 2013, the Torquay Pavilion was closed after a loss in funding and attempts to reopen it under new funding are ongoing.[24]
Governance
There is only one tier of local government covering Torquay, being the
Historically, Torquay was in the
In May 1876 the Tormoham Local Board voted to change its name to the Torquay Local Board, acknowledging that Torquay was by then the more commonly-used name for the town; it was said that having a different official name had been causing confusion.[30] In 1892, Torquay was made a municipal borough, governed by a corporate body officially called the "mayor, aldermen and burgesses of the borough of Torquay", but generally known as the corporation or the town council.[28]
The borough was enlarged in 1900 to take in the neighbouring parish of St Marychurch and the Chelston area from the neighbouring parish of Cockington. The rest of Cockington was absorbed into the borough in 1928.[31] In 1911 a new town hall was built at Castle Circus.[32]
In 1968 the borough of Torquay, the
Torquay (along with part of Paignton) is in the Torbay parliamentary constituency, created in 1974; previous to that, it was in its own eponymous constituency. The constituency elects one Member of Parliament, since 2015 Kevin Foster of the Conservatives.[37]
Geography
Torquay is situated on the southwestern coast of England, forming one-third of Torbay, on the western side of the bay. It has a mild microclimate, receiving among the longest hours of sunlight per day in the south-west of the United Kingdom, with winters that tend to be mild and wet. A record high temperature of 31.5C was recorded on 14 July 2013, at 5:30 p.m.,[39]
The town is made up of a number of small settlements that amalgamated into the town of Torquay. The town's historic core consists of
Wellswood and the Lincombes were built up by wealthy Victorians who, influenced by their travels around the
The main beaches of Torquay are Oddicombe Beach, Meadfoot Beach, Maidencombe, Watcombe, Babbacombe Beach, Anstey's Cove, Redgate, Torre Abbey Sands, Corbyn Sands and Institute Beach and Hollacombe Beach.[43] The first two of these held European Blue Flag status in 2012.[44]
The Sticklepath fault line, which runs across Devon from Bideford Bay to Torquay,[45] is one of many geological faults criss-crossing Torbay; the Babbacombe Cliff Railway takes advantage of one of these fault lines.[46]
On the coast of Wellswood is London Bridge, a limestone arch which can be seen from a viewpoint on the South West Coast Path.[47]
Transport
Rail
Torquay has two railway stations. Torquay railway station is situated near the sea, close to Torre Abbey Sands. Torre railway station is situated a little inland adjacent to the road leading to Newton Abbot. Not all trains stop at Torre. As of 2013, there were plans for station improvements at Torquay and Torre (and at Paignton) and to build a new station at Edginswell.[48]
Road
Torquay is connected to the UK motorway network by the A380, which traces the outskirts of the town as
Bus
The main bus operator in Torquay is Stagecoach South West. Its service 12 passes through Torquay – between Newton Abbot and Brixham,[49] – while many other routes operate within the town.[50] From 1919[51] to 1996 Devon General ran buses in Torquay.[52] From 23 May 1965, introduction of the one-way traffic scheme required buses from Paignton to divert via Abbey Road.[53]
Religion
For a summary of the 2001 census results on religion, see below, Demographics
Torquay has about 60 churches
St Saviour's Church and
The former St Andrew's Presbyterian church (built in 1862) on Torwood Gardens Road closed in 1951, and after a time as a nightclub, was converted to private residences.[57]
There is also a
There is also an Islamic centre and mosque.[59] A United Hebrew Congregation synagogue was closed in 2000, and the congregation dissolved.[60]
Economy
Torquay was the home of Suttons Seeds until it relocated to the neighbouring town of Paignton in 1998, and Beverage Brands, the owners of the popular and controversial alcoholic brand WKD, was based in the town until 2011.[61]
Tourism
Torquay has numerous tourist attractions, including Kents Cavern, Britain's most important
On the seafront between the Rock Walk and the Marina is the Victorian Pavilion (pictured). The adjacent "Friends Fountain" complements the Victorian architecture. Just to the side of the fountain in Princess Gardens, directly next to Princess Theatre, is the English Riviera Wheel; a 100 foot high wheel that offers a unique birds eye view of the English Riviera, overlooking Torquay Harbour from a rare perspective.[63]
Torquay Museum, the oldest in Devon, was founded in 1844, by The Torquay Natural History Society.[64] The museum contains extensive geology, natural science, archaeology and ethnography collections of international importance, including the oldest fossil evidence of modern man in north-west Europe. The story of the English Riviera Geopark is told through exhibitions about geology, fossils and archaeology including artefacts from Kents Cavern and other local archaeology. The museum has galleries dedicated to diverse topics such as the life of Agatha Christie, ancient Egypt, explorers and ecology. Another gallery displays replica historic farmhouse interiors.[65]
In 1857, the Bath's Saloons complex was built on the promontory overlooking Beacon Cove. This included a ballroom, concert hall and sunlit conservatory and private bathing facilities with, underneath, a large public swimming bath open to the sea. Living Coasts, a coastal zoo owned by Paignton Zoo, was later built on the site of the complex. The stone arches of the public bath were incorporated into the shop at Living Coasts. Development of the site as a marine animal exhibit was first proposed in early 1999 in response to a call from Torbay Council for submissions from interested parties. The project, developed by Kay Elliott architects, included an exhibit to house marine birds, rather than fish, due to the need to avoid duplicating the exhibits at the National Marine Aquarium in Plymouth. The project was subsequently taken on by Paignton Zoo Environmental Park and named Living Coasts. It was announced in June 2020 that, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was to close permanently.[66]
Other attractions are the
From 1875, a number of potteries operated in Torquay, making Torquay pottery for both the tourist trade and the high-end retail market.
Culture
Arts
In the early years of British cinema, Torquay was home to two production companies, Cairns Torquay Films[68] and Torquay And Paignton Photoplay Productions,[69] who in 1920, produced a total of three films between them. Recently, Devon Films, based in Torquay, has established itself as the Bay's latest film production company. The company financed and produced Stepdad in 2007, starring Ricky Tomlinson and Chris Bisson among others; it was entered into the Cannes Film Festival. A new film Snappers set in Torquay itself and shot on location, starred Caroline Quentin,[70] Bruce Jones and other prominent British television actors, and was due to be released in March 2009.[71]
The Princess Theatre, which is by the side of the harbour, is owned by Torbay Council and operated by ATG (Ambassador Theatre Group). It was previously owned by Live Nation Theatres, but they sold their theatres to ATG for 100 million pounds in 2009. With about 1,500 seats, it is Torquay's largest theatre and plays host to touring independent production companies. The Princess Theatre also holds weddings and other functions such as parties and large seminars.[72] TOADS Theatre Company operates the Little Theatre in Meadfoot in the converted St Mark's Church, hosting both the company's own productions and those of visiting societies.[73] Babbacombe Theatre is located on Babbacombe Downs and describes itself as having the longest-running summer season in the country, which lasts nine months.[74]
Torbay Council, along with other local bodies, administers Creative Torbay, a website for local cultural organisations, creatives and artists to promote their work.[75]
Media
Torquay' local radio stations are BBC Radio Devon, Heart West, and Greatest Hits Radio South West (formerly known as Palm 105.5 and The Breeze), which has its studios in Lymington Road in Torquay.[76]
Local TV coverage is provided by BBC South West and ITV West Country. Television signals are received from the Beacon Hill and the local relay TV transmitters.[77]
The town's local newspaper is the Herald Express, which has been published since 1925, after a merger of two papers.[78]
Past newspapers include the Torquay and Tor General Advertisor and Director, founded in 1839, which in 1853 became The Torquay Directory and South Devon Journal until 1949, finally becoming The South Devon Journal, which closed in 1973.[79]
Sport
Torquay has a long history of holding sailing events and regattas due to the favourable easterly facing nature of the bay and its popularity in the 19th and 20th centuries. This tradition reached its height in 1948 when the
Torquay is represented in
Social issues
Politics
From 1974, when it was created, until 1997 Torbay constituency was a safe Conservative seat, but Liberal Democrat Adrian Sanders overturned spy writer Rupert Allason's majority by just 12 votes in 1997, widened to 6,708 in 2001.
During the
In 2005, a
In 2011, Gordon Oliver was elected as Torbay's new mayor beating the existing mayor, Nicholas Bye. Oliver finished with 12,716 votes and Bye 9,631 after the two reached the second and final round of counting.
Education
Torquay has a number of primary schools, including St Margaret's Primary School in St Marychurch which has around 329 pupils and is situated on a large site of over 1,800 square metres (19,000 sq ft) which was formerly a farm.[81]
There are five main secondary schools in the town. Torquay Academy, previously known as Torquay Community School and Audley Park, has had its troubles in the past but since 2001 has come out of Ofsted special measures. The school has had a £26million pound rebuild and, in December 2010 when reassessed by Ofsted, it was told that it had become "a good and improving school". It changed to academy status in September 2001, sponsored by Torquay Boys' Grammar School.
Torquay's other two state secondary schools are selective. They are
For further education, students can either go to one of the sixth forms at the previously mentioned The Spires, St Cuthbert's Mayne or Grammar schools, or they can go to South Devon College which is based in Long Road in Paignton on a new campus that fully opened in January 2006.
Crime
Offences | Total |
---|---|
Violence against the Person with injury | 1,125 |
Violence against a Person without Injury | 1,005 |
Sexual Offences | 167 |
Robbery Offences | 60 |
Burglary in a Dwelling | 385 |
Burglary in a Building other than a Dwelling | 496 |
Offences against a Vehicle | 834 |
Drug Offences | 638 |
Fraud and Forgery | 234 |
Criminal Damage | 2,090 |
Other Theft Offences | 2,277 |
Other Offences | 138 |
Information taken from 2010 crime figures in Torbay (up to and including 31 December 2010)[82]
Healthcare
Torquay has two hospitals, the NHS-run Torbay Hospital which is situated on Newton Road, Shiphay and the private, non-emergency Mount Stuart Hospital run by Ramsay Health Care UK on St Vincent's Road, Torre.
In English culture
Notable people born in Torquay | |
---|---|
1821 | Richard Burton, explorer and linguist[83] |
1867 | Percy Fawcett, archaeologist and explorer[84] |
1890 | Agatha Christie, best-selling crime novelist[62] |
1937 | Peter Cook, writer and comedian[85] |
1947 | Martin Turner, Wishbone Ash founder[86] |
1949 | Roger Deakins, cinematographer[87] |
1972 | Miranda Hart, actress and comedian[88] |
1983 | Lauren Pope, DJ, model and entrepreneur |
1987 | Lily Cole, model and actress |
1994 | Georgia Toffolo, TV and media personality |
A number of sketches for the Monty Python's Flying Circus television show (1969–74) were filmed on location in and around both Torquay and neighbouring Paignton. It was while staying in Torquay at the Gleneagles Hotel with the Python team in 1971, that John Cleese found inspiration (and the setting, although not the actual film location) for the popular sitcom Fawlty Towers (1975, 1979).[89] Incidents during the Pythons' stay are said to include the owner, Donald Sinclair, having thrown Eric Idle's suitcase out of a window in case it contained a bomb.[90] Cleese later described the eccentric owner as, "the most wonderfully rude man I have ever met", although Sinclair's widow has since said her husband was totally misrepresented in the comedy.[91]
In the 1970s, several episodes of the comedy series
In October 2010, it was reported that
This mural has now been painted over due to the Grosvenor Hotel being refurbished by the new owners (Richardsons) in 2014.The Victorian mansion in Torquay where Agatha Christie was born and grew up, Ashfield in Barton Road, was demolished in 1961, to build an estate and extension for South Devon College.[95] A blue plaque was unveiled in 2007, marking the spot.[96]
Notable people
- Blanche Pentecost Bagley - English-born American Unitarian minister
- Agatha Christie - English mystery and detective writer
- Peter Cook, English comedian, actor, satirist, playwright and screenwriter
- Roger Deakins - English cinematographer
- Max Evans - Rugby player
- Percy Fawcett - English explorer
- Larry Grayson - English comedian and television presenter, who lived in Torquay in later life[97]
- Ollie Watkins - Professional Aston Villa F.C. and England national football team football player.
See also
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Sources
- Russell, Percy (1960). A History of Torquay. Torquay: Devonshire Press Limited.
External links
- The Geology of Torbay from a local geologist