Henry Mayhew
Henry Mayhew (25 November 1812 – 25 July 1887) was an English journalist, playwright, and advocate of reform. He was one of the co-founders of the satirical magazine
Biography
Early life
He was born in London, the thirteenth of 17 children to Joshua Mayhew. He was educated at
Paris and writing
In 1835, Mayhew found himself in a state of debt and, along with a fellow writer, escaped to Paris to avoid his creditors.
Punch magazine
On 17 July 1841, Mayhew cofounded Punch magazine. At its founding, the magazine was jointly edited by Mayhew and Mark Lemon. The two men hired a group of writers and illustrators to aid them. These included Douglas Jerrold, Angus Reach, John Leech, Richard Doyle, and Shirley Brooks. Initially, the magazine was subtitled The London Charivari, referencing the satirical humour magazine published in France under the title Le Charivari (a work Mayhew read often whilst in Paris). Reflecting their satirical and humorous intent, the two editors took for their name and masthead the anarchic glove puppet Mr. Punch.
Punch was an unexpected success, selling about 6,000 copies a week in the early years. However, sales of as many as 10,000 issues a week were required to cover all costs of the magazine. In December 1842, the magazine was sold to Bradbury and Evans; Mayhew resigned as joint editor,[3] and he continued at the magazine as "suggestor in chief" with Mark Lemon reappointed as editor. Mayhew eventually severed his connection with the magazine, writing his last article in February 1845. His brother Horace stayed on the board of Punch until his own death.
The Punch years gave Mayhew the opportunity to meet talented illustrators whom he later employed to work from
Formative work
In 1842, Mayhew contributed to the pioneering
London Labour and the London Poor
The articles comprising London Labour and the London Poor were initially collected into three volumes in 1851; the 1861 edition included a fourth volume, co-written with Bracebridge Hemyng, John Binny, and Andrew Halliday, on the lives of prostitutes, thieves, and beggars. This extra volume took a more general and statistical approach to its subject than volumes one to three.
Mayhew wrote in volume one: "I shall consider the whole of the metropolitan poor under three separate phases, according as they will work, they can't work, and they won't work".
Mayhew's richly detailed descriptions give an impression of what the street markets of his day were like. An example from volume one:
The pavement and the road are crowded with purchasers and street-sellers. The housewife in her thick shawl, with the market-basket on her arm, walks slowly on, stopping now to look at the stall of caps, and now to cheapen a bunch of greens. Little boys, holding three or four onions in their hand, creep between the people, wriggling their way through every interstice, and asking for custom in whining tones, as if seeking charity. Then the tumult of the thousand different cries of the eager dealers, all shouting at the top of their voices, at one and the same time, is almost bewildering. "So-old again," roars one. "Chestnuts all'ot, a penny a score," bawls another. "An 'aypenny a skin, blacking," squeaks a boy. "Buy, buy, buy, buy, buy– bu-u-uy!" cries the butcher. "
Half-quire of paper for a penny," bellows the street stationer. "An 'aypenny a lot ing-uns." “Twopence a pound grapes." “Three a penny Yarmouth bloaters." “Who'll buy a bonnet for fourpence?" “Pick 'em out cheap here! three pair for a halfpenny, bootlaces." “Now's your time! beautiful whelks, a penny a lot." “Here's ha'p‘orths," shouts the perambulating confectioner. "Come and look at 'em! here's toasters!" bellows one with a Yarmouth bloater stuck on a toasting fork. "Penny a lot, fine russets," calls the apple woman: and so the Babel goes on.[6]
Some of the London street traders did not like the way Mayhew wrote about them. In spring/summer 1851, they established a Street Trader's Protection Association to guard themselves against the journalist.[7]
Family
Mayhew was the grandfather of Audrey Mayhew Allen (b. 1870), an author of a number of children's stories published in various periodicals, and of Gladys in Grammarland, an imitation of Lewis Carroll's Wonderland books.[8]
Influence
Mayhew's work was embraced by and was an influence on the
Mayhew's work inspired the script of director
Publications, plays and public speeches: a select list
Although Mayhew is most remembered for his works of non-fiction, he also authored many plays, farces, novels, public speeches (many of which have been transcribed and subsequently published) alongside his numerous works of non-fiction and newspaper articles.
- 1831 Figaro in London [co-founder and editor, weekly, radical paper][10][11]
- 1832 The Thief [periodical] [11]
- 1834: The Wandering Minstrel: A Farce in One Act (farce first performed at the Fitzroy Royal Theatre, 16 January 1834)[12]
- 1838 But, however: A Farce in One Act [play by Henry Mayhew and Henry Bayliss]
- 1841-1842: Punch (satirical magazine, co-founded with Mark Lemon, Ebenezer Landells and possibly others)[13][14][15][16]
- 1844: The Comic Almanack , vol 2, 1844 [co-authored with William Makepeace Thackery, Gilbert Abbott A’ Beckett, Horace Mayhew (brother) and Albert Smith]</ref>[17]
- 1847: The Greatest Plague of Life: or, the Adventures of a Lady in Search of a Good Servant, Carey and Hart, London, [satirical novel, co-authored with Augustus Mayhew (brother)]
- 1849-1850: Survey of Labour and the Poor - series of 82 letters, surveying the conditions of the nation’s labouring population as published in the Morning Chronicle in 1849-1850[18][19]
- 1851: London Labour and the London Poor, 2 volumes, 1851, 1862 (reprinted 1865) [book, based on the Morning Chronicle articles][20]
- 1851 The Adventures of Mr. and Mrs. Sandboys and Family, who Came up to London to Enjoy Themselves and See the Great Exhibition, George Newbold, London, 1851 [comic novel] [21]
- 1856: “The Great World of London” [Pamphlet series][20][22]
- 1862: The Criminal Prisons of London: And Scenes of Prison Life[20]
- 1871: London Characters and the Humorous Side of London Life: with upwards of seventy illustrations, Stanley Rivers, London, 1871
Notes
- ^ Taithe (1996), p. 3
- ^ a b Taithe (1996), p. 9
- ^ a b c Taithe (1996), p. 10
- ^ Taithe (1996), p. 11
- ^ "| DCA". nils.lib.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 22 March 2005.
- ^ Mayhew, Henry 1851–1861. London Labour and the London Poor. Researched and written, variously, with J. Binny, B. Hemyng and A. Halliday.
- ^ Münch (2017)
- ^ Jerrold, Yvonne. "Family Tree". Yvonne Jerrold.
- ^ Nelson, Harland S. “Dickens’s Our Mutual Friend and Henry Mayhew’s London Labour and the London Poor.” Nineteenth-Century Fiction, vol. 20, no. 3, 1965, pp. 207–22. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2932754. Accessed 15 Jan. 2024.
- JSTOR 44372536.
- ^ a b ’’Henry Mayhew’’ [biographical notes], Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Mayhew
- ^ William Davenport Adams (ed.), A Dictionary of the Drama: A Guide to the Plays, Play-wrights, players and playhouses of the United Kingdom and America from the Earliest Times to the Present, Chatto and Windus, London, 1904, p. 100
- ^ Dick Sullivan, “Henry Mayhew (1812-1887)”, The Victorian Web, https://victorianweb.org/history/mayhew.html
- ^ Philip V. Allingham, “Punch, or the London Charivari (1841-1992) — A British Institution” , Victorian Web; Faculty of Education, Lakehead University, Ontario, https://victorianweb.org/periodicals/punch/pva44.html
- ^ N.H. Spielmann, The History of "Punch", Cassell, London, 1895, pp 10-14, p. 27 https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_o5o4AAAAIAAJ/page/14/mode/2up
- ^ Christopher Gangadin Anderson, London Vagabond: The Life of Henry Mayhew, Christopher Anderson, 2018, Chapter 3
- ^ N.H. Spielmann, The History of "Punch", Cassell, London, 1895, p. 32, p. 49, https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_o5o4AAAAIAAJ/page/14/mode/2up
- ^ Eileen Yeo and E. P. Thompson, The Unknown Mayhew, Schocken, NY, 1971; Peter Razzell (ed), The Morning Chronicle Survey of Labour and the Poor, Routledge, London, 1980
- ^ Anne Humphreys (ed), Voices of the Poor: Selections from the Morning Chronicle, 'Labour and the Poor' (1849-1850) by Henry Mayhew, Frank L Cass, NY, 1971, p. xiii
- ^ JSTOR 3825892.
- ^ Edmund King, The Great Exhibition at Hyde Park and its Publications, RSA Journal, vol 144, 1996
- ^ Anne Humphreys (ed), Voices of the Poor: Selections from the Morning Chronicle, 'Labour and the Poor' (1849-1850) by Henry Mayew, Frank L Cass, NY, 1971, p. xviii
References
- Anderson, Christopher Gangadin (2018). London Vagabond: The Life of Henry Mayhew. Amazon KDP. ISBN 978-1-5272-2030-0.
- Anne Humpherys (1984), Henry Mayhew, Boston/Mass.: OUP.
- Mayhew, Henry, edited by Robert Douglas-Fairhurst (2010). London Labour and the London Poor. )
- Ole Münch (2017), Henry Mayhew and the Street Traders of Victorian London – A Cultural Exchange with Material Consequences, in: The London Journal.
- Taithe, Bertrand (1996). The Essential Mayhew: Representing and Communicating the Poor. Rivers Oram Press. ISBN 1-85489-046-8.
- Vlock, Deborah (2004). "Mayhew, Henry (1812–1887)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. London: OUP.
- Yates, Edmund (1884). His Recollections and Experiences. London: Richard Bentley and Son.
External links
- London Labour and the London Poor, Mayhew, Henry, Published in London, 1861–62. Retrieved 7 July 2010
- [1], Punch Magazine History and FAQs
- Works by or about Henry Mayhew at Internet Archive
- Works by Henry Mayhew at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Works by Henry Mayhew at Project Gutenberg