Hippeastrum calyptratum

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Hippeastrum calyptratum
Hippeastrum calyptratum in its natural habitat close to Vale de Bonsucesso, Teresópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Hippeastrum
Species:
H. calyptratum
Binomial name
Hippeastrum calyptratum
(
Herb.[1]
Approximate distribution of Hippeastrum calyptratum in Southeast Brazil
Synonyms[1]
  • Amaryllis calyptrata Ker Gawl.
  • Omphalissa calyptrata (Ker Gawl.) Salisb.
  • Amaryllis calyptrata Hoffmanns.
  • Amaryllis flavovirens Schott ex Steud.
  • Amaryllis fulvovirens Schott
  • Amaryllis unguiculata Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
  • Amaryllis viridorchida Traub
  • Hippeastrum bulbulosum var. unguiculatum (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Herb.
  • Trisacarpis falcata Raf.

Hippeastrum calyptratum is a

herbaceous bulbous plant, in the family Amaryllidaceae
, native to Brazil.

Description

This species has an approximately 7.5 cm wide, globose bulb, which is enclosed in persistent, brown leaf bases. The bulbs bear 5-6, approximately 45 – 60 cm long, 5 cm wide, light green leaves.[2] The green flowers are produced in Autumn[3] on 2-3 flowered umbels, which are supported by terete, green, about 60 cm long, and about 1.3 - 1.9 cm wide peduncles.[2] Semi-discoid, flattened seeds are produced in globose-compressed capsule fruits.[4]

  • Detail of a Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. bulb
    Detail of a Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. bulb
  • Two immature Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. capsule fruits
    Two immature Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. capsule fruits
  • Developing Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. leaf with reddish suffusion towards the apex and visible parallel leaf venation
    Developing Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. leaf with reddish suffusion towards the apex and visible parallel leaf venation
  • Detail of Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. roots
    Detail of Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. roots

Conservation

This species is probably threatened by extinction, however not enough data is currently available on its distribution, and thus the proposed IUCN conservation Status is Data Deficient (DD).[5]

Ecology

The flowers are pollinated by bat species.

Atlantic Rainforest at elevations of 1200 m above sea level growing epiphytically on mossy trees or as a lithophyte on rocks.[3]

Natural habitat of Hippeastrum calyptratum

Cytology

The diploid chromosome count of this species is 2n = 22.[7]

Physiology

Several crinine-type alkaloids have been isolated from tissue of this species.[8] The floral scent, which has been described as stale, sour, fermented,[6] or similar to burnt plastic[3] is composed of the following compounds: 1,8-cineole, perillene, camphor, linalool, limonene, g-terpinene, b-myrcene, sabinene, a-pinene, d-3-carene, and 3-hexanone.[6]

Taxonomy

This species was first described under the name Amaryllis calyptrata by

William Herbert (Herb.) in 1821.[1]

Etymology

The specific epithet calyptratum is derived from the Latin calyptratum meaning "bearing a calyptra" or the Greek kalypto, kalyptra meaning "to hide" or "veil".[9]

Cultivation

The cultivation is thought to be difficult by some growers unfamiliar with the specific needs of epiphytes. In contrast to other members of the genus, the subtrate should be coarse, aerated, and well drained for this species.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b Baker, J. G. (1888). "Handbook of the Amaryllideae, including the Alstroemerieae and Agaveae." p. 47. G. Bell.
  3. ^ a b c d Hippeastrum calyptratum | Pacific Bulb Society. (n.d.). https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Hippeastrum_calyptratum
  4. ^ Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. (n.d.). Reflora - Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB4359
  5. ^ Alves, F. E., & Menini Neto, L. (2014). "Vascular epiphytes in a forest fragment of Serra da Mantiqueira and floristic relationships with Atlantic high altitude areas in Minas Gerais." Brazilian Journal of Botany, 37(2), 187-196.
  6. ^ a b c Meerow, A. W., Reed, S. T., Dunn, C., & Schnell, E. (2017). "Fragrance analysis of two scented Hippeastrum species." HortScience, 52(12), 1853-1860.
  7. ^ Escales, R. (1950). "Diseases and Cytology of the Amaryllids."
  8. ^ de Andrade, J.P., Guo, Y., Font‐Bardia, M., Calvet, T., Dutilh, J., Viladomat, F., Codina, C., Nair, J.J., Zuanazzi, J.Â., & Bastida, J. (2014). "Crinine-type alkaloids from Hippeastrum aulicum and H. calyptratum." Phytochemistry, 103, 188-195 .
  9. ^ Quattrocchi, U. (1999). "CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology." p. 2121. Taylor & Francis.

Sources

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