History of Pieria (regional unit)

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Kingdom of Macedonia

This is a reflection of the main historical events in Pieria (Πιερία), Central Macedonia.

Location

Pieria is the southernmost regional unit of the Central Macedonia region, with the capital Katerini; Pieria is bordered to the south by Thessaly.

History

Neolithic period, ca. 6500 to 3000 BC

See also: Neolithic Greece

In the 7th millennium BC, the area around

Pieria Mountains was settled, possibly from the east.[1] The environment offered the settlers good living conditions, such as a mild climate, water, fertile farmland and hunting grounds. Finds from this period come from the area of Korinos, Ritini, Pigi Athinas and Makrygialos. Remains of settlements have been scarcely excavated, but found graves with various grave goods: stone and earthen figures, clay vessels, tools made of bone and stone, flint arrowheads and pieces of jewellery, which were made of bone or clay.[2]

Bronze Age, ca. 3000 to 1000 BC

See also: Bronze Age
Extension of the Mycenaean culture (ca. 1400 BC.)

Settlement patterns shifted from the mountains towards the sea. Metalworking, shipping and trade brought prosperity to the region. The archaeological finds from this era are, inter alia, from

Platamonas (the ancient Heraklion), Aiginio, Ancient Methone, Ancient Pydna, Pigi Artemidos, Trimbina, Kitros (Louloudies) and Korinos.[3]

In addition to individual tombs, necropolises and settlements were discovered. The finds from this period include clay pottery and in the earth embedded earthen storage vessels, also metal tools and weapons, and jewelry made of gold, silver, bronze and glass.[4]

Mycenaean period

The end of the Bronze Age is referred to as Mycenaean period in southern Greece and Crete, as these areas were under the cultural influence of Mycenae. During this time not only Mycenaean goods were traded in the Mediterranean, but also adopted Mycenaean culture and customs. Mycenaean graves and earthenware have survived from this period, the latter being very helpful in dating archeological findings. The northern limit of the spread of the Mycenaean culture is in Pieria, further north, no signs have been discovered.[5]

Iron Age, ca. 1000 to 700 BC

See also: Iron Age
Parts of weapons, Iron Age

The coastal population grew, with some Bronze Age settlements seemingly abandoned. Pieria was more populated by places that offered natural protection (e.g. Sfendani, Kouko or Livadi), existing settlements were fortified (the ancient Methone with a three-meter-high wall). Trade relations were expanded and the Phoenician alphabet introduced and modified for the Greek language.[9]

Finds from this period are in addition to jewelry, pottery, weapons and tools also remains of wooden grave borders.[10]

Archaic and Classical Greek period, ca. 700 BC to 323 BC

See also:
Classical Greek period
Archaeological museum, Dion
Marbletable at the Archaeological museum, Dion

Hellenistic period, ca. 323 BC to 146 BC

See also: Hellenistic period

Roman period, ca. 146 BC to 330 AD

See also:
Roman Greece

The archaeological finds from the over 1000-year period from the end of the Iron Age to the end of the Roman rule over Pieria are very extensive. Dion is the leading archaeological site here, the ownership issues are clarified there, the archaeologists can work freely in a large area. Elsewhere, such as in Methone, land under which antiquities are suspected is privately owned.[30] Methone benefited from several years of collaboration with the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); this gave valuable insights into the beginnings of the Greek alphabet.[31] In Leivithra and Pydna, which could easily be excavated, the Greek state is currently lacking funds (May 2018).

The finds are either displayed in museums or they are stored. Fully equipped is the

archaeological museum at Dion
, at the Leivithra Park only replicas are exhibited, the recent finds from Leivithra are stored at the Archaeological museum of Dion. In the archaeological museum of Makrygialos smaller artefacts and earthen vessels are exhibited; the museum is not yet open to the public (as of May 2018).

Coins, jewelry, earthen and glass vessels, weapons, tools, building materials, sarcophagi, grave steles, statues, statuettes, well enclosures, mosaics, a water organ and many other pieces were discovered.

Byzantine period, ca. 330 to 1453 AD

See also: Byzantine Greece
Church Agia Triada, Vrondou

Important archaeological sites of the Byzantine period are the

castle of Platamon, Louloudies and the castle of Pydna, built by Frankish knights over the ruins of the ancient city. From Byzantine times come the inhabited monasteries Kanalon and Agia Triada, Sparmos. Furthermore, there are numerous churches of this period, such as the Holy Trinity (Agia Triada), located above Vrondou, and the Church of the Assumption at Kontariotissa.[37]

Significant archaeological finds from this period are mainly of ecclesiastical origin. They are exhibited in the archaeological museum of Dion or in the museums of the monasteries.

Ancient sites

Monastery Kanalon

Literature

  • Dimitrios Pandermalis: Dion. The archaeological site and the museum. Athens 1997.
  • Hellenic Republic, Ministry of Culture and Sports, Onassis Foundation USA: Gods and Mortals at Olympus. Dimitrios Pandermalis,
    ISBN 978-0-9906142-2-7
    .
  • Besios, Matheos. Pieridon Stefanos: Pydna, Methone and the ancient sites of northern Pieria (Πιερίδων Στέφανος: Πύδνα, Μεθώνη και οι αρχαιότητες της βόρειας Πιερίας. Α’ Έκδοση: Κατερίνη 2010),
    ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , (in Greek).
  • Efi Poulaki-Pantermali: Makedonikos Olympos. Mythos – Istoria – Archäologia., Greek ministry for culture and sport, Thessaloniki 2013,
    ISBN 978-960-386-110-2
    (in Greek).

References

  1. ^ "FROM THE NEOLITHIC ERA TO THE EARLY IRON AGE".
  2. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , S. 27–55, (in Greek)
  3. ^ "New Bronze Age cemetery and earlier settlement at Platamonas, Pieria, Greece".
  4. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , pages 27 ff, (in Greek).
  5. ISBN 978-960-386-110-2
  6. ^ Plutarch, Greek Aetia, 293 a-b
  7. ^ Poulaki-Pandermali, Efi. Leivithra. Greek Ministry of Culture, 2008, p. 27.
  8. ^ Letters from the Underground, Ministry of Culture - Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki - 27th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities
  9. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , pages 78 and 79, (in Greek).
  10. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , pages 80 ff, (in Greek).
  11. ISBN 978-0-9906142-2-7
  12. ^ Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian war 1,61.
  13. ^ Thucydides, History of the Peloponesian war 4.78.6
  14. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliothḗkē historikḗ 13,14.
  15. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2
    .
  16. ^ Despini: Ο τάφος της Κατερίνης. 1980, p. 209.
  17. ^ M. Besios, Anaskafikes erevnes sti Voreia Pieria (Ανασκαφικές έρευνες στη Βόρεια Πιερία), AEMθ 5 (The archaeological work at Macedonia and Thrace 5), 1991, pages 173–177
  18. ^ Letters from the Underground, Ministry of Culture - Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki - 27th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, page 16
  19. ISBN 978-0-9906142-2-7
  20. ^ "Alexander the Great: The Battle of Granicus".
  21. ^ "Park of Leivithra, Timeline".
  22. ^ "Park of Leivithra, Timeline".
  23. ^ Liv. 45, 29, 5:<<deinde in quattuor regiones dividi Macedoniam>>
  24. ^ Koromila Charikleia, Numismatic evidence and other metal findings from the Roman Cemetery at Platamon (Pieria) 2017, page 14.
  25. ^ Poulaki-Pandermali, Efi. Leivithra. Greek Ministry of Culture, 2008, p. 28.
  26. ^ "A small temple dedicated to Dionysos is built at Dion". World History Encyclopedia.
  27. ^ "Roman citizenship granted to all inhabitants of the empire". World History Encyclopedia.
  28. ^ "The Roman empire is split into the Western and Eastern Roman empires". World History Encyclopedia.
  29. ^ "The Nonae Capratinae in Dion and Religious Associations and Public Festivals in Roman Macedonia".
  30. ISBN 978-0-7391-3234-0
    , page 267 ff
  31. ^ Letters from the Underground, Ministry of Culture - Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki - 27th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities
  32. ^ "Archaeological park Leivithra, timeline".
  33. ^ "THE BISHOPS DOMAIN IN LOULOUDIES KITROS".
  34. ^ Léon Heuzey: Le mont Olympe et l'Acarnanie: exploration de ces deux régions, avec l étude de leurs antiquités, de leurs populations anciennes et modernes, de leur géographie et de leur histoire. Ministère de l'Instruction publique au ministère de d'État, Paris 1860 Online
  35. ^ Koromila Charikleia, Numismatic evidence and other metal findings from the Roman Cemetery at Platamon (Pieria) 2017, page 11.
  36. ISBN 960-89151-0-4
  37. ^ "BYZANTINE AND POST BYZANTINE MONUMENTS".
  38. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 60, (in Greek)
  39. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 315, (in Greek)
  40. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 212, (in Greek)
  41. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 293, (in Greek)
  42. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 67, (in Greek)
  43. ^ "Komboloi etc" (PDF).
  44. ^ "Farmhouses of the macedonian Olympus".
  45. ^ "Korinos etc" (PDF).
  46. ^ "Krania etc" (PDF).
  47. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 39, (in Greek)
  48. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 61, (in Greek)
  49. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 73, (in Greek)
  50. ^ "Platamon Stop".
  51. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 35, (in Greek)
  52. ISBN 978-960-99308-0-2
    , page 286, (in Greek)
  53. ^ "Olive oil production in Hellenistic Greece: the interpretation of charred olive remains from the site of Tria Platania,Macedonia, Greece".
  54. ^ "Treis Elies".
  55. ^ "Spathes - Xerolakki".
  56. ^ "Rema Xydias".
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