Holden straight-six motor
The Holden straight-six motor is a series of
Grey
Grey engine | |
---|---|
kW) | |
Torque output | 100–119 lb⋅ft (136–161 N⋅m) |
Chronology | |
Successor | Holden Red engine |
The Grey motor, built between 1948 and 1962, earned its name as the engine block was painted
It displaced 132 cubic inches (2,160 cc) in its original form as used by the 48-215 (1948). It developed 60 brake horsepower (45 kW). This engine remained in production for eight years - until the release of the FE series in 1956. At that point, power was increased to 72hp (53kW) by an increase in the compression ratio to 6.8:1. Holden replaced the FC in 1960 with the FB series, and its engine was bored out to 138 cubic inches (2,260 cc). The compression ratio was increased to 7.8:1. It developed 76 brake horsepower (57 kW) at 4200 rpm and 120lb.ft (162N.m) at 1400rpm, providing superior performance to the competing four-cylinder Austin, Morris, Vauxhall and Ford of Britain vehicles. The grey motor was a low stress design for high reliability and featured a low compression ratio. Due to sheer ubiquity, they were popular for racing, and were fitted to many open-wheelers, as well as racing Holdens. With the engines' low-end torque, they also found their way into boats and machinery such as forklift trucks.
This engine ran a seven-port non-crossflow
The very first production grey motor (1948) was number 1001, and they continued in a single sequence until July 1956, when the prefix "L" was introduced.[1] The change affected all engines numbered L283373 and above, signifying the 12-volt negative-earth engines as fitted to the all new FE model.[citation needed] The prefix "U" was introduced for motors with the original electricals as fitted to the FJ utility and panel van models, which ended in February and May 1957 respectively. The change was effective from engine U283384.[1] The prefix "B" was introduced and the number sequence reset with the introduction of the 138 cubic inches (2.3 L) displacement engine, and ultimately this was replaced by a "J" prefix for motors fitted to EJ vehicles in 1962.
Applications
- 1948–1953 Holden FX
- 1948–1953 Holden 48-215 (sedan)
- 1951–1953 50-2106 (coupé utility)
- 1953 48-215-257 (business/taxi sedan, sometimes abbreviated to 48-217)
- 1953–1956 Holden FJ
- 1956–1958 Holden FE
- 1958–1960 Holden FC
- 1960–1961 Holden FB
- 1961–1962 Holden EK
- 1962–1963 Holden EJ
Red
Red engine | |
---|---|
kg⋅m; 135–194 lb⋅ft ) | |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Holden Grey engine |
Successor | Holden Blue engine |
Engine | Displacement | Compression | Power | Torque | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bhp | kW | ft·lb
|
N·m
| |||
173 cu in Red I6 | 2.8 litres (2,835 cc) | Low | 112 | 84 | 160 | 220 |
High | 118 | 88 | 168 | 228 | ||
202 cu in Red I6 | 3.3 litres (3,298 cc) | Low | 129 | 96 | 190 | 260 |
High | 135 | 101 | 194 | 263 |
Superseding the Grey motor, the Red motor was manufactured between 1963 and 1980. This was a completely new engine and in no way a further development of the grey motor. It featured a seven-bearing crankshaft, full flow oil filter and hydraulic valve lifters. Denoted by the
Red six-cylinder engines manufactured after October 1964 had the cubic inch capacity of the engine cast in raised numbers on the side of the block behind the generator/alternator location. Red engines manufactured prior to October 1964 had either no numbers cast (meaning that it was a 149-cubic-inch engine) or the letters "HP" cast (meaning that it was a 179-cubic-inch engine). All Red engines manufactured prior to April 1967 had forged steel crankshafts. This includes all 149 and 179 ci engines, and 161 and 186 ci engines manufactured before that date.
- Capacities
- 130 – South Africa, et al. HQ export
- 138 – LC & LJ Torana
- 149
- 161
- 173
- 179
- 186
- 202
Applications
Holden Standard, Special, Premier (1963–1968)
Holden Belmont, Kingswood, Premier (1968–1980)
- 1968–1969 Holden HK
- 1969–1970 Holden HT
- 1970–1971 Holden HG
- 1971–1974 Holden HQ
- 1974–1976 Holden HJ
- 1976–1977 Holden HX
- 1977–1980 Holden HZ
Holden Commodore (1978–1980)
- 1978–1980 Holden Commodore VB
Holden Torana (1969–1979)
- 1969–1971 Holden Torana LC
- 1972–1974 Holden Torana LJ
- 1974–1975 Holden Torana LH
- 1976–1978 Holden Torana LX
- 1978–1979 Holden Torana UC
Bedford (1971–1979)
- 1971–1979 Bedford CF (Australasian models only)[3]
Blue
Blue engine | |
---|---|
kg⋅m; 142–170 lb⋅ft ) | |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Holden Red engine |
Successor | Holden Black engine |
The Blue specification debuted in the 1980
The blue motor was a development of the earlier red engine, and incorporated several improvements. The biggest of these changes was the complete redesign of the cylinder head; this was now a 12 port design with individual ports for each cylinder. New revised T5 camshaft. The crankshaft for the 3.3-litre engine now had counterweights on each throw, and stronger connecting rods were used. A two-barrel Varajet carburettor was standard, as was a dual outlet exhaust manifold and a Bosch HEI distributor. It was made in 3.3- and 2.85-litre versions.
Applications
- 1980–1985 Holden WB
- 1980–1981 Holden Commodore VC
- 1981–1984 Holden Commodore VH
Black
Black engine | |
---|---|
kg⋅m; 171–196 lb⋅ft) | |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Holden Blue engine |
Successor | Nissan RB engine (RB30E) |
The Black specification was introduced in the 1984
In the 1986
Applications
- 1984–1986 Holden Commodore VK
Starfire
Starfire engine | |
---|---|
kg⋅m; 100 lb⋅ft) | |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Opel cam-in-head engine 1.9L |
Successor | GM Family II engine 1.6L-2.0L |
This 1.9-litre (1,892 cc) powerplant, known as the Starfire engine, was effectively Holden's existing 2.85-litre 173 cu in straight-six with two cylinders removed.[4] Designed and built in Australia to satisfy local content rules, it first appeared in 1978 during the UC Sunbird's production run, replacing the Opel 1.9-litre cam-in-head unit used in LH, LX and earlier UC Torana/Sunbird 4-cylinder models.[citation needed]
Peak power output for the Starfire was 58 kW (78 hp), with a 17.5 second acceleration time from 0–100 kilometres (0–62 mi) in the VC Commodore.
This engine was also used by
Applications
- 1978–1980 Holden Sunbird (UC) (red block version).
- 1980–1981 Holden Commodore VC
- 1981–1984 Holden Commodore VH
- 1984–1986 Holden Commodore VK(New Zealand)
- 1979–1982 Toyota Corona (XT130)
ADR27A Compliance
ADR27A was an Australian Design Rule specifying regulations for fuel evaporative and exhaust emissions for Australian passenger motor vehicles effective from 1 July 1976 in order to reduce air pollution. The following engines were ADR27A compliant:
- Red (post 1 July 1976 only)
- Blue
- Black
- Starfire
These engines were fitted with emission control systems which generally resulted in reduced engine output. The following table compares the output of the 202ci Red engine in pre- and ADR27A-compliant versions:
Power | Torque | |
---|---|---|
pre-ADR27A | 135 hp (101 kW) @4400rpm[11] | 194 lb⋅ft (263 N⋅m) @2000rpm[11] |
ADR27A-compliant | 109 hp (81 kW) @3900rpm[12] | 185 lb⋅ft (251 N⋅m) @1400rpm[12] |
See also
- Holden V8 engine
- Holden Commodore VL)
- List of GM engines
Notes
- ^ a b Loffler (2006), p. 284
- ^ "Holden 6 Cylinder Red Motor". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ Delivery van is bigger than its predecessor Freight & Container Transportation September 1970 page 35
- ^ a b "Holden Commodore VC". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
- ^ Dave Carey (25 March 2018). "History of the Holden Commodore Part One: VB, VK, VL". Street Machine. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "1984 Holden Commodore: Injecting life into the Commodore". Wheels. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Holden Commodore VK Technical Specifications". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ Robinson (2006), p. 25
- ^ "Holden Commodore VC Technical Specifications". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
- ^ ISBN 0727014803
- ^ a b "Holden HJ Technical Specifications". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Holden HX Technical Specifications". Unique Cars and Parts. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
References
- Loffler, Don (2006) [1998]. She's a Beauty!: The Story of the First Holdens (New Enlarged ed.). ISBN 1-86254-734-3.
- Robinson, Peter (2006). AutoBiography: The inside story of Holden's all-new VE Commodore. ISBN 1-921156-10-4.