Hrubieszów

Coordinates: 50°49′N 23°53′E / 50.817°N 23.883°E / 50.817; 23.883
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Hrubieszów
Browar Sulewski - local brewery
Browar Sulewski - local brewery
Car plates
LHR
National roads
Voivodeship roads
WebsiteOfficial website

Hrubieszów (Polish:

romanized: Ribishoyv, Rubishoyv[2]) is a town in southeastern Poland, with a population of around 18,212 (2016). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County within the Lublin Voivodeship
.

Throughout history, the town's culture and architecture was strongly shaped by its Polish

Holocaust survivor Henry Orenstein
.

History

Baroque Saint Nicholas church

The area formed part of the

Polish state in the 10th century by its first historic ruler Mieszko I. It was invaded and annexed from Poland by the Kievan Rus' in 981, and afterwards it changed owners several times between Poland and the Rus', and even fell to the Mongol Empire in the mid-13th century. The origins of the town go back to the early Middle Ages, when a defensive gord
existed on the Huczwa river island. It was first mentioned in 1254, as a hunting settlement located among forests.

In 1366, the area, along with Hrubieszów, then called Rubieszów, was eventually recaptured by King

Lwów passing through Rubieszów. The town was destroyed several times by Crimean Tatars, who raided this area in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, and by the rebellious Cossacks
.

After the

Bełz.[5]

War cemetery

During the joint German-Soviet

Fall of Communism
in the 1980s.

After World War II, what remained of the town's

Freedom and Independence movement and those of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
.

Between 1975 and 1998, the town was administratively part of the Zamość Voivodeship.

Jewish Community

The Jewish population numbered 709 in 1765, 3,276 in 1856, 5,352 (out of 10,636) in 1897, in 1921, there were 5679, and probably around 7500 in 1939.

During World War II, the German army immediately organized a series of pogroms after it invaded the town on 15 September 1939. Over 2,000 Jews, having experienced the Nazi German terror, left with the withdrawing Soviet army, which shortly occupied the town after 25 September 1939. On 2 December 1939, 1,000 Jews from Hrubieszów and 1,100 from Chełm were led on a death march to the

Occupation ghetto
was formed. Both local Jews and those forced to move to Hrubieszów were confined to a fixed area. By April 1942, there were more than 5800 Jews in the ghetto.

Memorial to Holocaust victims

In June 1942, around 3,000 Jews from the ghetto were rounded up, some were killed in the town, and most were sent to the Sobibor extermination camp where they were all killed. The second deportation from Hrubieszów took place on 28 October 1942, when 2,500 Jews were deported to Sobibor and killed. Around 400 who resisted were executed at the Jewish cemetery and the last 160 Jews were sent to a forced labor camp in Budzyń.[6][7] About 140 of Hrubieszów 's Jews are thought to have survived. They were mostly those who had fled to Soviet controlled territory at the beginning of the war.

Jewish resistance

In the summer of 1941, Julek (Joel/Jakób) Brandt, a leader of the Zionist youth movement

Lwów
who was left to run the property. Among those sent to Dłużniów was a young woman from Warsaw named Hanka Tauber. Her account of what went on there was recorded in the ghetto diary of Abraham Lewin.

Most of the Betar youth were killed in the spring of 1942 and in subsequent months together with the local Jewish population. A small number, however, managed to return to the ghetto and later took part in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Julek Brandt escaped from a transport heading for the Sobibor extermination camp. He was denounced by locals who tuned him over to the Gestapo in Hrubieszów. There he was put to work by Gestapo Obersturmbannführer Ebner, who named him chief of a small work camp on Jatkowa Street. At the end of 1942 or the beginning of 1943, Brandt was executed by Ebner.[8]

Transport

Hrubieszów–Sławków Południowy LHS railway runs through the town. A normal gauge railway runs parallel to it, which carries two pairs of PKP Intercity trains, first through southern Poland to Jelenia Góra and second through northern-central Poland to Piła. Lublin Airport
is the closest international airport, located about 120 km away by road.

Heritage sights and monuments

Regional museum

Hrubieszów boasts a number of monuments:

Sports

Unia Hrubieszów [pl] sports club is based in Hrubieszów, with football, athletics and weightlifting sections.

Notable people

Birthplace of Bolesław Prus

Notable residents of Hrubieszów have included:

Others with ancestry from the city include:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Polska w Liczbach". Data from Central Statistical Office (Poland). Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  2. ^ Beider, Alexander (2012). "Eastern Yiddish Toponyms of German Origin" (PDF). Yiddish Studies Today. ISBN 978-3-943460-09-4, ISSN 2194-8879 (düsseldorf university press, Düsseldorf 2012). Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Remember Jewish Hrubieszów - Genealogy Group". chelm.freeyellow.com. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  4. ^ "To był dla Chełma dobry rok". Super Tydzień Chełmski (in Polish). 10 November 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  5. ^ Wyzina, Władysław (1928). Zarys historji wojennej 5-go Pułku Strzelców Podhalańskich (in Polish). Warszawa. pp. 7–8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Krakowski, Stefan. Jewish Virtual Library: Hrubieszow, Poland, Retrieved on 6 December 2013.
  7. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II, 634–636.
  8. ^ Libionka, Dariusz and Laurence Weinbaum, A New Look at the Betar 'Idyll' in Hrubieszów, Yad Vashem Studies, volume XXXVII (2009).

External links

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