Hull, Quebec
Hull | |
---|---|
Sector within City of 819, 873 | |
Access Routes | ![]() ![]() |
Hull is the central business district and oldest neighbourhood of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the west bank of the Gatineau River and the north shore of the Ottawa River, directly opposite Ottawa. As part of the Canadian National Capital Region, it contains offices for over 20,000 civil servants. It is named after Kingston upon Hull in England.
History
Early history
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hull%2C_%28Lower_Canada%29%2C_on_the_Ottawa_River%3B_at_the_Chaudier_%28sic%29_Falls%2C_1830.jpg/220px-Hull%2C_%28Lower_Canada%29%2C_on_the_Ottawa_River%3B_at_the_Chaudier_%28sic%29_Falls%2C_1830.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hull%2C_Quebec_from_Ottawa_-_1896.jpg/220px-Hull%2C_Quebec_from_Ottawa_-_1896.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Execution_of_Stanislaus_Lacroix_in_Hull%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada_1902.jpg/220px-Execution_of_Stanislaus_Lacroix_in_Hull%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada_1902.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Main_%26_Bridge_Street%2C_Hull%2C_Quebec_%281905%29.jpg/220px-Main_%26_Bridge_Street%2C_Hull%2C_Quebec_%281905%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hull%2C_Quebec_%281913%29.jpg/220px-Hull%2C_Quebec_%281913%29.jpg)
Hull is a
The Gatineau River, like the Ottawa River, was very much the preserve of the draveurs, people who would use the river to transport logs from lumber camps until they arrived downriver. (The Gatineau River flows south into the Ottawa River which flows east to the
Ottawa was founded later, as the terminus of the Rideau Canal built under the command of LCol. John By as part of fortifications and defences constructed after the War of 1812. Originally named Bytown, Ottawa did not become the Canadian capital until the mid-19th century after the original parliament in Montreal was torched by a rioting mob of English-speaking citizens on April 25, 1849. Its greater distance from the Canada–US border also left the new parliament less vulnerable to foreign attack.
Nothing remains of the original 1800 settlement; the downtown Vieux-Hull sector was razed by a
1917 to 2000
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Rue_Principale%2C_Hull%2C_Quebec_%281920%29.jpg/220px-Rue_Principale%2C_Hull%2C_Quebec_%281920%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Hull%2C_Quebec%2C_from_Parliament_Hill%2C_Ottawa%2C_Ont..jpg/220px-Hull%2C_Quebec%2C_from_Parliament_Hill%2C_Ottawa%2C_Ont..jpg)
Hull was noted for its nightlife during the years 1917 to 2000.
Prohibition on the sale of alcohol in Ontario began in 1916, and continued until the repeal of the Ontario Temperance Act in 1927. Hull's proximity to Ontario made it a convenient place for people from Ottawa to consume alcohol, and a sharp increase in arrests for drunk and disorderly conduct was noted in Hull in 1917. As a result, in May 1918, Hull enacted local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. This led to a dramatic increase in bootlegging in Hull, and the town gained the nickname le Petit Chicago, because its per capita crime rates were similar to those in Chicago.[4] In 1919, a local plebiscite repealed Hull's prohibition laws, causing Hull's drinking establishments to once again thrive as a result of the continued prohibition in neighbouring Ontario.[4] Most of Hull's bars were conveniently located near the Alexandra Bridge to Ottawa,[5] which a local newspaper called, "the bridge of the thousand thirsts".[6]
Hull's Chief of Police stated in 1924 that the cause of Hull's lawlessness was its proximity to Ottawa, and a report published in 1925 found that visitors to Hull accounted for up to 90 percent of its bar patrons, as well as the vast majority of those arrested for drunk and disorderly conduct.[4] A newspaper in the 1920s stated, "these taverns, which are Hull's sole attraction, are not bar rooms, but barn-like, dim rooms in old buildings".[6]
During the early 1940s—when bars in Ontario closed at 1 am and bars in Quebec closed at 3 am—residents of Ontario continued to take advantage of Quebec's more liberal policies on alcohol control.[5] An official inquiry in the 1940s found that gambling houses and illegal bars in Hull were receiving protection from corrupt local politicians, who also encouraged police not to arrest prostitutes.[6]
During World War II, Hull, along with various other regions within Canada, such as the
The Macdonald-Cartier Bridge was constructed in 1965, pushing many of Hull's bars to streets north. A large office complex known as Place du Portage began construction in the 1970s, uprooting many businesses along what was once the town's main commercial area, and displacing some 4,000 residents.[5][9]
The disco era of the 1970s ushered in new prosperity for Hull's nightlife, and "Viva Disco" was named in Playboy magazine's top ten in North America.[6]
In the early 1980s, Hull City Council began encouraging the expansion of bars in the downtown area. Bars in Hull continued to remain open two additional hours compared to bars in Ontario, and some bars offered a shuttle service from Ottawa.[5]
By 1985, Hull had the highest crime rate in Quebec,[6] with offences in the bar district including murder, drug dealing, rowdiness, violence, noise, vandalism and drunkenness.[5]
The Canadian Museum of History relocated nearby in 1989, and politicians in Hull expressed concern about the city's image. Official committees in Hull weighed the job creation and profitability of Hull's nightlife, against the costs of policing and cleanup. A "zero tolerance" campaign began in 1990, which involved undercover policing, the revocation of liquor licences, and a public awareness campaign to inform young drinkers in Ontario that disorderly behaviour would not be tolerated in Hull. Soon, police in Hull were aggressively towing illegally parked cars, and individuals caught urinating in public were fined as much as $400.[5]
By 2000, Hull had spent considerable resources making the downtown more attractive, and the decaying old core of Hull was transformed by demolition and replacement with a series of large office complexes.[9][10] Most of the bars on the Hull strip were gone, and were replaced by restaurants, cafés and stores. The city also provided funds to businesses that wanted to renovate. This resulted in a 75 percent drop in crime in the former bar district from 1994 to 2000, and the main street "was no longer attracting large crowds looking for a fight".[10] Prostitution, however, was not affected. Mayor Yves Ducharme expressed a desire to attract residents back to downtown Hull, and encouraged the construction of studio and bachelor apartments on Promenade du Portage, across from the federal government buildings.[10]
Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney wrote of Hull:
The town [Ottawa] visibly sagged by ten at night, just in time for residents seeking relief from the stifling boredom to cross the bridge to Hull, Quebec, where nightclubs, dancehalls, bars, and a few great restaurants provided sanctuary and stimulation.[11]
Amalgamation
In 2002, the
In 2004, there was a referendum to decide whether Hull would remain in Gatineau. The majority of those who voted in Hull voted against the de-amalgamation, and the status quo prevailed.
Geography
Hull is located at the confluence of the Gatineau and Ottawa rivers.
Navigation beyond Ottawa-Hull on the Ottawa River is still difficult as watercraft must be removed from the Ottawa River due to obstacles posed by rapids such as the
Demographics
Prior to amalgamation in 2002, Hull's population was 66,246 (2001 Census of Canada). According to the
Approximately 80% of residents speak French as their first language and about 9% English as their first language (2001 Census of Canada).
Education
Western Québec School Board operates Anglophone public schools.
Economy
Hull now depends primarily on the civil service as an economic mainstay. A number of federal and provincial government departments are located here. The policy of the federal government to distribute federal jobs on both sides of the Ottawa River led to the construction of several massive office towers to house federal civil servants in the 1970s and 80s; the largest of these are Place du Portage and Terrasses de la Chaudière, occupying part of what had been the downtown core of Hull.
Two paper mills (Scott Paper and the E. B. Eddy division of Domtar) still retain some industrial facilities on the Ottawa River in the centre of Hull, Quebec.
Hull is also the home to the Casino du Lac-Leamy and to the Canadian Museum of History directly opposite Parliament Hill. Hull is also Outaouais's cultural centre.
Notable people
- Derick Brassard (born 1987), professional ice hockey player
- Philippe DioGuardi (born 1961), tax lawyer
- Catherine Martin (born 1958), screenwriter and director
- Bernie Guindon, founder Satan's Choice MC
- George Kourounis, adventurer
See also
- List of crossings of the Ottawa River
- List of former cities in Quebec
- Municipal reorganization in Quebec
References
- ^ "Gatineau | the Canadian Encyclopedia".
- ^ Taylor, John H. (1986). Ottawa: An Illustrated History. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company, Publishers. p. 11.
- ^ "CityScapes: Ottawa". Canadian Directories: Who Was Where. Library and Archives Canada. 2008-11-10. Archived from the original on 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
- ^ a b c Rennie, Eric (March 2011). "Crossing the Line: Canada's Capital Region in the Prohibition Era" (PDF). Capstone Seminar Series.
- ^ ISBN 9780774818742.
- ^ a b c d e Aubry, Jack (October 7, 1985). "History Shows Corking Hull's Nightlife Not Always Easy". Ottawa Citizen.
- ^ a b c d e Tremblay, Robert, Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, et al. "Histoires oubliées – Interprogrammes : Des prisonniers spéciaux" Interlude. Aired: 20 July 2008, 14h47 to 15h00.
- List of POW camps in Canada.
- ^ ISBN 9780802063953.
- ^ a b c "Hull Fights the Doughnut Syndrome". CBC News. Jun 23, 2000.
- ISBN 9781551991887.
- ^ Population calculated by combining Census Tracts 5050511.02, 5050511.01, 5050508.00, 5050509.00, 5050510.01, 5050510.02, 5050504.03, 5050504.04, 5050504.05, 5050504.01, 5050506.00, 5050505.00, 5050503.00, 5050507.00, 5050501.00, 5050500.00, 5050502.00
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)