Imagined geographies

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The concept of imagined geographies (or imaginative geographies) originated from Edward Said, particularly his work on critique on Orientalism. Imagined geographies refers to the perception of a space created through certain imagery, texts, and/or discourses. For Said, imagined does not mean to be false or made-up, but rather is used synonymous with perceived. Despite often being constructed on a national level, imagined geographies also occur domestically in nations and locally within regions, cities, etc.

Imagined geographies can be seen as a form of

Confucian states. Orientalism has also been labeled to as the cornerstone of postcolonial studies
.

This theory has also been used to critique several geographies created; both historically and contemporarily—an example is

God's eye view".[1]

Orientalism

Main article: Orientalism (book)

In his book Orientalism, Edward Said argued that Western culture had produced a view of the "

travel writing, anthropology and a colonial view of the Orient. This imagination included painting the orient as feminine- however, Said's view on the gendered nature has been criticized by other scholars due to a limited exploration of the construct.[2]

At a 1993 lecture located at York University, Toronto, Canada, Said stressed the role culture plays in Orientalism-based imperialism and colonialism.[3] By differentiating and elevating a national culture over another a validating process of "othering" is undertaken.[4] This process underlies imagined geographies such as orientalism as it creates a set of preconceived notions for self-serving purposes.[5] In constructing itself as superior, the imperial force or colonizing agent is able to justify its actions as somehow necessary or beneficial to the "other".[3]

Despite the broad scope and effect of orientalism as an imagined geography, it and the underlying process of "othering" are discursive and thereby normalized within dominant, Western societies.[6] It is in this sense that Orientalism may be reinforced in cultural texts such as art, film, literature, music, etc. where one-dimensional and often backwards constructions prevail.[7] A prime source of cinematic examples is the documentary-film Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People.[8] The film demonstrates the process of orientalism centric "othering" within Western films from the silent era to modern classics such as Disney's Aladdin.[8] Inferior, backwards, and culturally stagnate constructions of Oriental "others" become normalized in the minds of Western consumers of cultural texts; reinforcing racist or insensitive beliefs and assumptions.[9]

In Orientalism, Said says that Orientalism is an imagined geography because a) Europeans created one culture for the entirety of the 'Orient', and b) the 'Orient' was defined by text and not by the 'Orient'.

Theory

Said was heavily influenced by French philosopher

power, of a means of controlling and subordinating areas. Power is seen as being in the hands of those who have the right to objectify
those that they are imagining.

Imagined geographies were mostly based on myth and legend, often depicting monstrous "others".

heartland theory, he has shown how the presentation of Eastern Europe / Western Russia as a key geopolitical region after the First World War influenced actions such as the recreation of Poland and the Polish Corridor in the 1918 Treaty of Versailles
.

See also

References

  1. S2CID 143549456
    .
  2. ^ Sharp, Joanne P. "Geographies of Postcolonialism: Ch. 1, Imagining the World." London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2009. p. 27
  3. ^ a b Edward Said. "Culture and Imperialism" (Lecture): York University, Toronto, February 10, 1993.
  4. ^ Alison Mountz, Key Concepts in Political Geography, Ch. 28 "The Other". 328-329.
  5. ^ Alison Mountz, Key Concepts in Political Geography, Ch. 28 "The Other"; Edward Said. "Culture and Imperialism" (Lecture): York University, Toronto, February 10, 1993.
  6. ^ Joanne P. Sharp. Geographies of Postcolonialism: Ch.1 "Imagining the World". 19-20.
  7. ^ Derek Gregory The Colonial Present. Ch. 1. 8-10.
  8. ^ a b Sut Jhally. Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People.
  9. ^ Derek Gregory The Colonial Present. Ch. 1. 10-11.
  10. ^ Said, Edward. “Imaginative Geography and Its Representations: Orientalizing the Oriental.” Orientalism. New York: Vintage, 1979.

Further reading

  • Huntington, Samuel, 1991, Clash of Civilizations
  • Gregory, Derek, 2004, The Colonial Present, Blackwell
  • Marx, Karl, [1853] "The British Rule In India" in Macfie, A. L. (ed.), 2000, Orientalism: A Reader, Edinburgh University Press
  • Ó' Tuathail, Gearoid, 1996, Critical Geopolitics: The Writing of Global Space, Routledge
  • Said, Edward, [1978]1995, Orientalism, Penguin Books
  • Mohnike, Thomas, 2007, Imaginierte Geographien, Ergon-Verlag
  • Said, Edward. [1979] “Imaginative Geography and Its Representations: Orientalizing the Oriental.” Orientalism. New York: Vintage,
  • Sharp, Joanne P. [2009]. "Geographies of Postcolonialism." Sage Publications: London.
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