Immanuel Hermann Fichte
Immanuel Hermann Fichte | |
|---|---|
Speculative theism[1] | |
| Institutions | University of Bonn (1836–1842) University of Tübingen (1842–1863) |
| Academic advisors | J. G. Fichte (his father) |
| Notable students | Christian Hermann Weisse (epistolary correspondent) |
Main interests | Metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of religion |
Notable ideas | Concrete theism |
Immanuel Hermann Fichte (
Life
Fichte was born in
In 1837, Fichte founded the Zeitschrift für Philosophie und speculative Theologie and edited from then on. In 1847, the name was changed to Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik. Publication was suspended 1848–1852, after which Hermann Ulrici and Johann Ulrich Wirth joined him as editors. This journal served as an organ of Fichte's views, especially on the subject of the philosophy of religion, where he was in alliance with C. H. Weisse (with whom he regularly corresponded after 1829);[5] but, whereas Weisse thought that the Hegelian structure was sound in the main, and its imperfections might be mended, Fichte held it to be defective, and spoke of it as a masterpiece of erroneous consistency or consistent error. Fichte's general views on philosophy seem to have changed considerably as he gained in years, and his influence has been impaired by certain inconsistencies and an appearance of eclecticism, which is strengthened by his predominantly historical treatment of systems, his desire to include divergent systems within his own, and his conciliatory tone.[6]
Philosophical work
The great aim of his speculations was to find a philosophic basis for the personality of God, and for his theory on this subject he proposed the term "concrete theism."
One of the tests which Fichte discriminates the value of previous systems is adequateness with which they interpret moral experience. The same reason that made him depreciate Hegel made him praise
The regeneration of Christianity, according to Fichte, would consist in its becoming the vital and organizing power in the state, instead of being occupied solely, as heretofore, with the salvation of individuals.
Works
- De philosophiae novae Platonicae origine (1818).
- Sätze zur Vorschule der Theologie (1826). University of California.
- Beiträge zur Charakteristik der neueren Philosophie (1829). Harvard. 2nd edition, 1841. Gallica; NYPL.
- Johann Gottlieb Fichtes Leben und literarischer Briefwechsel (1830–31). 2 volumes.
- Über Gegensatz, Wendepunkt und Ziel heutiger Philosophie (1832). University of Michigan.
- Grundzüge zum Systeme der Philosophie (1833–1846). 3 volumes.
- Volume 1, 1833. Das Erkennen als Selbsterkennen. Gallica.
- Volume 2, 1836. Die Ontologie. Gallica; University of Michigan.
- Volume 3, 1846. Die speculative Theologie oder allgemeine Religionslehre. Gallica.
- Die Idee der Persönlichkeit und die individuelle Fortdauer (1834). 2nd edition, 1855.
- De principiorum contradictionis (1840). Gallica.
- System der Ethik (1850–53). 2 volumes.
- Volume 1, 1850. Gallica; NYPL; Stanford; University of Michigan.
- Volume 2, part 1, 1851. Gallica; NYPL; Oxford (1&2); University of Michigan (1&2).
- Volume 2, part 2, 1853. Gallica; NYPL.
- Anthropologie, Die Lehre von der menschlichen Seele (1856). Gallica; Lane; University of Michigan. 2nd edition, 1860. Oxford; Oxford (Taylor). 3rd edition, 1876.
- Über den Unterschied zwischen ethischem und naturalistischem Theismus (1857).
- Zur Seelenfrage, Eine philosophische Confession (1859). University of California.
- (in English) Contributions to Mental Philosophy (1860). Harvard.
- Psychologie. Die Lehre vom bewussten Geiste des Menschen (1864–73). 2 volumes. Oxford; University of Michigan.
- Volume 1, 1864.
- Volume 2, 1873. Harvard.
- Die Seelenfortdauer und die Weltstellung des Menschen (1867).
- Vermischte Schriften zur Philosophie, Theologie und Ethik (1869). 2 volumes. Oxford.
- Die theistische Weltansicht und ihre Berechtigung (1873). Oxford; University of Michigan.
- Fragen und Bedenken über die nächste Fortbildung deutscher Speculation (1876). Gallica; Oxford; University of Michigan.
- Der neuere Spiritualismus, sein Wert und seine Täuschungen (1878). Oxford.
He also edited the complete works and literary correspondence of his father. Some of his works were translated by J. D. Morell under the title of Contributions to Mental Philosophy (1860).[6]
Notes
- ^ Kelly Parker, Krzysztof Skowronski (eds.), Josiah Royce for the Twenty-first Century: Historical, Ethical, and Religious Interpretations, Lexington Books, 2012, p. 202.
- ^ Michael Heidelberger, Nature from Within: Gustav Theodor Fechner and His Psychophysical Worldview, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004, p. 38.
- ^ Jon Stewart (ed.), A Companion to Kierkegaard, John Wiley & Sons, 2015, p. 68.
- ^ "Fichte". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ Anatol Schneider, Personalität und Wirklichkeit: nachidealistische Schellingrezeption bei Immanuel Hermann Fichte und Christian Hermann Weisse, Königshausen & Neumann, 2001, pp. 73–4.
- ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Immanuel Hermann Fichte Archived 2005-11-09 at the Wayback Machine entry at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
References
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fichte, Immanuel Hermann von". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 313. This work in turn cites:
- R. Eucken, Zur Erinnerung I. H. F., in Zeitschrift für die Philosophie, cx. (1897)
- C. C. Scherer, Die Gotteslehre von I. H. F. (1902)
- Karl Hartmann (1904), "Fichte, Immanuel Hermann (von)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie(in German), vol. 48, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 539–552
- Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana. This work cites the same sources as the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's and in addition:
- Erdmann, J. E., History of Philosophy (3 vols., London 1890)
- New International Encyclopedia(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
