Interplanetary dust cloud
The interplanetary dust cloud, or zodiacal cloud (as the source of the zodiacal light), consists of cosmic dust (small particles floating in outer space) that pervades the space between planets within planetary systems, such as the Solar System.[2] This system of particles has been studied for many years in order to understand its nature, origin, and relationship to larger bodies. There are several methods to obtain space dust measurement.
In the Solar System, interplanetary dust particles have a role in
The total mass of the interplanetary dust cloud is approximately 3.5×1016 kg, or the mass of an asteroid of radius 15 km (with density of about 2.5 g/cm3).[7] Straddling the zodiac along the ecliptic, this dust cloud is visible as the zodiacal light in a moonless and naturally dark sky and is best seen sunward during astronomical twilight.
The Pioneer spacecraft observations in the 1970s linked the zodiacal light with the interplanetary dust cloud in the Solar System.[8] Also, the VBSDC instrument on the New Horizons probe was designed to detect impacts of the dust from the zodiacal cloud in the Solar System.[9]
Origin
The sources of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) include at least: asteroid collisions, cometary activity and collisions in the inner Solar System, Kuiper belt collisions, and interstellar medium grains (Backman, D., 1997). The origins of the zodiacal cloud have long been subject to one of the most heated controversies in the field of astronomy.
It was believed that IDPs had originated from comets or asteroids whose particles had dispersed throughout the extent of the cloud. However, further observations have suggested that Mars
Life cycle of a particle
The main physical processes "affecting" (destruction or expulsion mechanisms) interplanetary dust particles are: expulsion by
The lifetimes of these dust particles are very short compared to the lifetime of the Solar System. If one finds grains around a star that is older than about 10,000,000 years, then the grains must have been from recently released fragments of larger objects, i.e. they cannot be leftover grains from the protoplanetary disk (Backman, private communication).[citation needed] Therefore, the grains would be "later-generation" dust. The zodiacal dust in the Solar System is 99.9% later-generation dust and 0.1% intruding interstellar medium dust. All primordial grains from the Solar System's formation were removed long ago.
Particles which are affected primarily by radiation pressure are known as "beta meteoroids". They are generally less than 1.4 × 10−12 g and are pushed outward from the Sun into interstellar space.[11]
Cloud structures
The interplanetary dust cloud has a complex structure (Reach, W., 1997). Apart from a background density, this includes:
- At least 8 short-period comets.
- A number of dust bands, the sources of which are thought to be main asteroid belt. The three strongest bands arise from the Themis family, the Koronis family, and the Eos family. Other source families include the Maria, Eunomia, and possibly the Vesta and/or Hygieafamilies (Reach et al. 1996).
- At least 2 resonant dust rings are known (for example, the Earth-resonant dust ring, although every planet in the Solar System is thought to have a resonant ring with a "wake") (Jackson and Zook, 1988, 1992) (Dermott, S.F. et al., 1994, 1997)
Dust collection on Earth
In 1951,
Although some of the particles found were similar to the material in present-day meteorite collections, the
In that context a program for atmospheric collection and curation of these particles was developed at
Experiments
Spacecraft that have carried dust detectors include Helios, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Ulysses (heliocentric orbit out to the distance of Jupiter), Galileo (Jupiter Orbiter), Cassini (Saturn orbiter), and New Horizons (see Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter).
Major Review Collections
Collections of review articles on various aspects of interplanetary dust and related fields appeared in the following books:
In 1978 Tony McDonnell edited the book Cosmic Dust[19] which contained chapters[20] on comets along with zodiacal light as indicator of interplanetary dust, meteors, interstellar dust, microparticle studies by sampling techniques, and microparticle studies by space instrumentation. Attention is also given to lunar and planetary impact erosion, aspects of particle dynamics, and acceleration techniques and high-velocity impact processes employed for the laboratory simulation of effects produced by micrometeoroids.
2001 Eberhard Grün, Bo Gustafson, Stan Dermott, and Hugo Fechtig published the book Interplanetary Dust.[21] Topics covered[22] are: historical perspectives; cometary dust; near-Earth environment; meteoroids and meteors; properties of interplanetary dust, information from collected samples; in situ measurements of cosmic dust; numerical modeling of the Zodiacal Cloud structure; synthesis of observations; instrumentation; physical processes; optical properties of interplanetary dust; orbital evolution of interplanetary dust; circumplanetary dust, observations and simple physics; interstellar dust and circumstellar dust disks.
2019 Rafael Rodrigo, Jürgen Blum, Hsiang-Wen Hsu, Detlef V. Koschny, Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Jesús Martín-Pintado, Veerle J. Sterken, and Andrew Westphal collected reviews in the book Cosmic Dust from the Laboratory to the Stars.[23] Included are discussions[24] of dust in various environments: from planetary atmospheres and airless bodies over interplanetary dust, meteoroids, comet dust and emissions from active moons to interstellar dust and protoplanetary disks. Diverse research techniques and results, including in-situ measurement, remote observation, laboratory experiments and modelling, and analysis of returned samples are discussed.
Rings of dust
Interplanetary dust has been found to form rings of dust in the orbital space of Mercury and Venus.
See also
- Circumstellar disk
- Cosmic dust
- Interplanetary medium
- Martian soil
- Dust storms on Mars
- Micrometeoroid
- Exozodiacal dust
- Zodiacal light
References
- ^ "False Dawn". www.eso.org. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ EurekAlert!. NASA. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ^ Levasseur-Regourd, A.C., 1996
- ^ Backman, D., 1997
- Bibcode:1979LPSC...10.1649M. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- . Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- PMID 11543198.
- ^ Hannter; et al. (1976). "Pioneer 10 observations of zodiacal light brightness near the ecliptic - Changes with heliocentric distance".
- S2CID 17522966. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
- ^ Shekhtman, Svetlana (8 March 2021). "Serendipitous Juno Detections Shatter Ideas About Zodiacal Light". NASA. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
While there is good evidence now that Mars, the dustiest planet we know of, is the source of the zodiacal light, Jørgensen and his colleagues cannot yet explain how the dust could have escaped the grip of Martian gravity.
- ^ "Micrometeorite Background". GENESIS Discovery 5 Mission. Caltech. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- PMID 16578350.
- Bibcode:1978prpl.conf..134B.
- ^ Fraundorf, P.; Brownlee, D. E. & Walker, R. M. (1982) [1st pub. 1986]. "Laboratory studies of interplanetary dust". In Wilkening, L. (ed.). Comets. University of Arizona Press. pp. 383–409.
- Bibcode:1986NASCP2403...55W.
- PMID 17748271.
- S2CID 27703897.
- ^ "Cosmic Dust". NASA – Johnson Space Center program, Cosmic Dust Lab. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ISBN 0-471-99512-6. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- Bibcode:1978codu.book.....M. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ISBN 978-3-540-42067-5. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ISBN 978-3-642-62647-0. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ISBN 978-94-024-2009-8. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ "Cosmic Dust from the Laboratory to the Stars". Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ a b Garner, Rob (12 March 2019). "What Scientists Found After Sifting Through Dust in the Solar System". NASA. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ Rehm, Jeremy (15 April 2021). "Parker Solar Probe Captures First Complete View of Venus Orbital Dust Ring". JHUAPL. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
Further reading
- Jackson A.A.; Zook, H.A. (1988). "A Solar System Dust Ring with the Earth as its Shepherd". S2CID 4351090.
- Jackson A.A.; Zook, H.A. (1992). "Orbital evolution of dust particles from comets and asteroids". .
- ISBN 978-0-387-77705-4.
- Backman, Dana (1997). "Exozody Workshop, NASA-Ames, October 23–25, 1997". Extrasolar Zodiacal Emission - NASA Study Panel Report.
- NASA Panel Report on Extrasolar Zodiacal Emission
- Dermott, S.F.; Jayaraman, S.; Xu, Y.L.; Gustafson, A.A.S.; Liou, J.C. (30 June 1994). "A circumsolar ring of asteroid dust in resonant lock with the Earth". Nature. 369 (6483): 719–23. S2CID 4345910.
- Dermott, S.F. (1997). "Signatures of Planets in Zodiacal Light". Extrasolar Zodiacal Emission - NASA Study Panel Report.
- Levasseur-Regourd, A.C. (1996). "Optical and Thermal Properties of Zodiacal Dust". Physics, Chemistry and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust, ASP Conference series, Vol 104. pp. 301–.
- Reach, W. (1997). "General Structure of the Zodiacal Dust Cloud". Extrasolar Zodiacal Emission - NASA Study Panel Report.
- Reach, W.T.; Franz, B.A.; Weiland, J.L. (1997). "The Three-Dimensional Structure of the Zodiacal Dust Bands". Icarus. 127 (2): 461–484. .