Izhitsa
Cyrillic letter Izhitsa | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ꙕ | Ю̂ | Ꙗ | |||||
Я̈ | Я̂ | Я̨ | Ԙ | Ѥ | Ѧ | Ꙙ | Ѫ |
Ꙛ | Ѩ | Ꙝ | Ѭ | Ѯ | Ѱ | Ѳ | Ѵ |
Ѷ | Ꙟ |
Izhitsa (Ѵ, ѵ; italics: Ѵ ѵ;
The letter's traditional name, izhitsa (ижица), is explained as a diminutive either of the word иго (igo, "yoke"), due to the letter's shape, or of иже (izhe, "which"), the name of the main Cyrillic and Glagolitic letters for the same sound, /i/.
The numeral value of Cyrillic izhitsa is 400. Glagolitic izhitsa has no numeral value. Church Slavonic editions printed in Russia use a tailed variant of the letter for the numeral purpose, whereas editions from Serbia or Romania (including books in the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet), as well as early printed books from Ukraine, prefer a basic form of the letter without the tail.
Russian
In the Russian language, the use of izhitsa became progressively rarer during the 18th and 19th centuries. At the beginning of the 20th century, the only two words still spelled with the letter izhitsa in common use were мѵро (müro, [ˈmʲirə], 'chrism') and сѵнодъ (sünod, [sʲɪˈnot], 'synod').
In the documents of the spelling reform of 1917–1918, izhitsa is not mentioned at all,[1][2] although the statement that it was canceled at that time, along with decimal i, yat and fita, is not only widespread, but also reflected in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.[3] In fact, Ѵ fell out of use in the civil alphabet gradually, under the influence not only of the general direction of changes in the spelling of the Russian language, but also of the displacement of words and texts on religious topics from the civil press.[citation needed] At the same time, steam locomotives of class Izhitsa (Ѵ) were produced until 1931 and were in operation until they were decommissioned in the 1950s.[citation needed]
Serbian
The traditional spelling of
Church Slavonic
Izhitsa is still in use in the
Romanian
Traditional orthography of the Romanian language used izhitsa in the same manner as Church Slavonic, with all the above-mentioned peculiarities. This writing system was used until about 1860 in Romania and until 1920s in church books in Russian-ruled Bessarabia.[4]
Aleut
The Cyrillic letter izhitsa was also used historically in certain loanwords in the Cyrillic script version of Aleut.[citation needed]
Abkhaz
Izhitza was used in the 1909-1926 Abkhaz alphabet of Chochua.
Izhitsa as a replacement of a different character
In Russian typography, the capital form of izhitsa has traditionally been used instead of the Roman numeral V; this tradition survived several decades longer than izhitsa as a letter of the alphabet.[citation needed]
The izhitsa is sometimes used in place of the new
Computing codes
Preview | Ѵ | ѵ | Ѷ | ѷ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT |
CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1140 | U+0474 | 1141 | U+0475 | 1142 | U+0476 | 1143 | U+0477 |
UTF-8 | 209 180 | D1 B4 | 209 181 | D1 B5 | 209 182 | D1 B6 | 209 183 | D1 B7 |
Numeric character reference | Ѵ |
Ѵ |
ѵ |
ѵ |
Ѷ |
Ѷ |
ѷ |
ѷ |
The tailed variant of izhitsa has no individual position in Unicode; instead, the characters U+0423 У CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U and U+0443 у CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U are supposed to represent it.[5][failed verification]
See also
- Ү ү : Cyrillic letter ue, used in various languages as a close front rounded vowel (/y/)
- Ӱ ӱ : Cyrillic letter u with diaeresis, used in several languages as a close front rounded vowel (/y/)
Notes
- ^ "Декрет Наркомпроса РСФСР от 23.12.1917 года о введении нового правописания — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ "Декрет Наркомпроса РСФСР, СНК РСФСР от 10.10.1918 «О введении новой орфографии» — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ "Большая Советская Энциклопедия. 3-е издание. В 30 томах. Том 22. Ремень — Сафи". www.encyclopedia.ru. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- Editura Academiei, 1987
- ^ "Cyrillic – Unicode 6.2" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-09-05.
References
- A Berdnikov and O Lapko, "Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic in TEX and Unicode", EuroTEX ’99 Proceedings, September 1999 (PDF)
- F Lauritzen, Michael the Grammarian's irony about hypsilon: a step towards reconstructing Byzantine pronunciation, Byzantinoslavica 67 (2009) 231–240