Jackson Mine

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Coordinates: 46°29′55″N 87°37′22″W / 46.49861°N 87.62278°W / 46.49861; -87.62278
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Jackson Mine
North Jackson Pit No. 1, 2010
Jackson Mine is located in Michigan
Jackson Mine
Nearest cityNegaunee, Michigan
Coordinates46°29′55″N 87°37′22″W / 46.49861°N 87.62278°W / 46.49861; -87.62278
Area1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built1848
NRHP reference No.71000414[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPSeptember 03, 1971
Designated MSHSFebruary 18, 1956[2]

The Jackson Mine is an

open pit iron mine in Negaunee, Michigan, extracting resources from the Marquette Iron Range. The first iron mine in the Lake Superior region,[3] Jackson Mine was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956[2] and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.[1] The Lake Superior Mining Institute said, the mine "is attractive in the iron ore region of Michigan and the entire Lake Superior region, because of the fact it was here that the first discovery of iron ore was made, here the first mining was done, and from its ore the first iron was manufactured."[4] Multiple other mines soon followed the Jackson's lead, establishing the foundation of the economy of the entire region.[2] The mine is located northwest of intersection of Business M-28
and Cornish Town Road.

Origin (1844–1847)

Surveyor William A. Burt
Jackson Mining Co. organizer Philo M. Everett

In 1844, government surveyor

Ojibwe people (Chippewa) and earlier Native Americans certainly knew of these ore deposits, Burt and Houghton noted the find in their reports, and were the first to publish this discovery to the world at large.[5]

In June 1845, businessmen organized the Jackson Mining Company in

Chippewa chief Marji-Gesick, who was familiar with the Teal Lake area.[5] Marji-Gesick guided the party to the right area and showed Everett iron ore in the roots of a fallen tree.[2] The Jackson Mine was developed here. The stump of this tree was preserved for its historical importance until it burned in 1900,[8] even so the tree was symbolically included in the seal of the city of Negaunee.[6] Everett registered a claim to the site and had samples of the ore assayed; the ore proved to be of high quality, specifically hematite with a small percentage of manganese and chromium.[2] The Jackson Mining Company switched its focus from copper to iron.[6]

In 1846, the company sent an expedition to the site to further explore the area and obtain more ore to test.[5][6] Forging the ore proved a success, and in the winter of 1846–1847, the Jackson Mining Company gathered equipment at the mine.[5] In 1847, the company organized men and machinery and began taking ore out of the mine.[2] It began constructing the Carp River Forge, which was finished the next year.[7] The first pieces of ore from the mine were forged at the Carp River and sold to construct a steamer.[5]

Rise of the Jackson Iron Company (1848–1870s)

In 1848, the Jackson Mining Company was re-incorporated with Fairchild Farrand as president; Berry and Everett and most of the rest of the original investors lost control of the company.[5] In 1849, the company got a new president, Ezra Jones, and a new name: the Jackson Iron Company.[5] In 1850, after numerous problems, the company gave up operation of their forge on the Carp River and leased the forge out.[5] The company was in a precarious financial position, and ceased work for a time on both their forge and mining operations.[5] However, production at the mine soon resumed, although company operations at the forge did not. Jackson began utilising the Marquette forge; however, they did ship some iron ore directly: the first shipment of five tons went to New Castle, Pennsylvania.[5] The purity of this ore shipment attracted attention, and General Joel B. Curtis, president of the Sharon Iron Company of Sharon, Pennsylvania, travelled to Michigan to inspect the mine.[5] Liking what he saw, he purchased a controlling interest in the Jackson Iron Company, and for some years the Jackson location was known as the "Sharon."[5]

With Curtis's guidance, the company began shipping more ore; in 1852, 70 tons were shipped to Sharon Iron.

Ojibwa phrase meaning "I take the lead," or more loosely, "pioneer."[9]

However, the Jackson Mine was indifferently run, with frequent changes in management, and for some years a "record of disappointments and financial embarrassment."[5] In 1861, the management stabilized, and with the greater demand for iron during the Civil War, the Jackson Iron Company declared its first dividend in 1862.[5] The Jackson Mine ramped up its production, peaking in the late 1860s and early 1870s, with 1871 the year of maximum production.[2][10] The company established an iron furnace at Fayette in 1867,[5] and by 1875 had produced over 1.5 million tons of iron ore.[5]

  • Mine Images, c. 1900
  • Original Jackson Mine pit, photographed c. 1900
    Original Jackson Mine pit, photographed c. 1900
  • Stump where Marji-Gesick showed Philo Everett evidence of iron ore
    Stump where Marji-Gesick showed Philo Everett evidence of iron ore
  • Monument erected 1904 by the Jackson Iron Company at the site of the discovery of ore after destruction of the stump. The monument is now located on US 41.[11]
    Monument erected 1904 by the Jackson Iron Company at the site of the discovery of ore after destruction of the stump. The monument is now located on US 41.[11]
  • Jackson Mine, photographed 1912
    Jackson Mine, photographed 1912
  • Jackson mine c. 1915. Note miners standing in center right.
    Jackson mine c. 1915. Note miners standing in center right.

Decline and closure (1870s–present)

After the 1870s, ore prices declined.

Cleveland-Cliffs Company.[13] But, mine yields were still weak, and the Jackson produced no ore in 1908 and 1916.[12] The Jackson Mine closed permanently in 1924, having produced over 4 million tons of ore since its opening in 1856.[2][12]

By the time it closed, the Jackson Mine contained several working pits, as well as trial shafts, a forge, cross-cuts and drifts;[2] some of the underground workings were close to the surface. In the 1950s, the Jackson Mine and portions of the surrounding town of Negaunee were closed due to fears of collapse from undermining.[11] In recognition of the historical significance of the Jackson as the area's first iron mine, the site was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.[2]

The mine and area around it were acquired by the city of Negaunee in 2003 and the danger from undermining re-evaluated.[11] In 2006, much of "West Old Town Negaunee" and areas around the mine itself were re-opened to the public. The city developed a trail system through the area.[11][14] The overgrown ruins of the early Jackson Mine pit mines can be seen from the trail system.[2][11]

  • Mine Images
  • Drift opening near North Jackson Pit No. 1, 2010
    Drift opening near North Jackson Pit No. 1, 2010
  • Cover over drift near North Jackson Pit No. 1, 2010
    Cover over drift near North Jackson Pit No. 1, 2010
  • Abandoned foundation and machinery, 2010
    Abandoned foundation and machinery, 2010

Jackson Park

South of the Jackson Mine site is Jackson Park. This recreational area is 5 acres (2.0 ha), located next to Business M-28 (County Road), southwest of downtown Negaunee. It has a pair of tennis courts and two pairs of horseshoe courts. Before mining ended, it was 11.8 acres (4.8 ha)[15] and contained campsites.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Jackson Mine". Historic Sites Online. Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  3. ^ Hannah, Tom A. (1903). Mines and Statistics (Report). Iron Mountain, MI: Michigan Department of Mineral Statistics. pp. 65–69.
  4. ^ Lake Superior Mining Institute (1898). Proceedings of the Lake Superior Mining Institute. Vol. 4. Lake Superior Mining Institute. pp. 90–91.
  5. ^
    OCLC 6750767
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 0-8028-7055-4
    .
  7. ^
    OCLC 7963374
    .
  8. ISBN 0-910845-31-X
    .
  9. ^
    OCLC 1757295
    .
  10. ^ a b c Russell, James (1900). Mines and Statistics (Report). Marquette, MI: Michigan Department of Mineral Statistics. pp. 39–40.
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7360-7507-7
    .
  12. ^
    OCLC 1025093
    .
  13. OCLC 7824071
    .
  14. OCLC 191062221. Archived from the original
    on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
  15. ^ City of Negaunee (n.d.). City of Negaunee Five-Year Recreation Plan (PDF). City of Negaunee. Retrieved July 15, 2015.

External links

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