James Ricalton

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James Ricalton
inventor, teacher

James Ricalton (May 13, 1844 in Half Way, near

inventor, and photographer. Ricalton travelled extensively and he circumnavigated the world seven times.[1]

Maplewood

After briefly attending St. Lawrence University (class of 1871) Ricalton left before taking a degree and moved to Maplewood, New Jersey in 1871 for a 12-week, $200 contract as a school teacher. Contrary to practice at the time, his contract was renewed repeatedly until he became the district's first permanent school teacher and eventually principal. His legacy is celebrated in the South Orange-Maplewood School District.[2]

Ricalton was locally famous for his habit of conducting classes outdoors in good weather and for his gentle manner. Among other things, a central square in Maplewood village is named after him, and there is a large mural of his outdoor classes in Maplewood municipal hall.[2]

He expanded his house on Valley Street in Maplewood to house his enormous collection. When the township of Maplewood declined to accept his collection as a gift, he moved it all in two and a half train cars to his birth town of Waddington, where he spent his last five years.[2]

Traveler

Professor Ricalton with two giants of India at the Delhi Durbar of 1903.
James Ricalton, Peking, China., c. 1901, silver print by Underwood & Underwood, Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC[3]

By profession a school teacher, Ricalton's passion was

incandescent lamp. Ricalton took a one-year leave of absence from teaching, and departed the United States in February 1888, arriving in Ceylon on April 1, via the Suez Canal
.

Ricalton visited every part of the island, testing hundreds of samples, and continuing on to

British India, Singapore, China and Japan, becoming an expert in the properties of various types of bamboo. He returned home one year after his departure, with hundreds of samples for Edison, and recommendations on the two most suitable. This filament was used by Edison for nine months until the suitability of tungsten was discovered.[4]

Photographer

Ricalton was a prolific photographer, leaving over 100,000 images, among them a large collection of stereoscopic images.[2] He quit his teaching job in 1891 to become a professional photographer and war correspondent. For the next 15 years he photographed and recorded events such the Spanish–American War (1898–1899) in the Philippines, during the Boxer Rebellion (1900) in China, and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) in Manchuria. When Ricalton tried to take pictures of Japanese soldiers in trenches during the Port Arthur campaign, he was held in custody until Major Yamaoka of General Nogi's staff confirmed that the American photographer could take pictures of whatever he wanted.[1]

One of Ricalton's stereo photographs of a grand procession at the Delhi Durbar in 1903.

He was amongst the photographers who recorded the 1903

Edward VII as Emperor of India.[5]

Ricalton's photographs earned him numerous honors and many were used to illustrate textbooks. He sold his images to the American Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Many of his photographs were used by the Underwood & Underwood to illustrate geography books.[1]

In 1909, at age 65, he walked from

Cape Town to Cairo, a distance of 4,500 miles averaging 30 miles a day. An extant diary confirms his daily itinerary through South Africa, Rhodesia, and Kenya.[6]

In 1912, Ricalton was sent on another assignment by Edison to test a motion picture camera in Africa, filming among other things a whaling expedition off Cape Town. His son Lomond accompanied him on this trip but died from typhoid fever there, and this was Ricalton's last trip.[2]

Ricalton retired to his home town of Waddington, New York, where he died October 28, 1929, at the age of 85.

Selected works

Notes

  1. ^ a b c "Outdoor Men and Women; Heroes of the Camera," Outing Magazine. Vol. 46 (April–September 1905). pp. 729-733.
  2. ^ a b c d e Dava, Valerie. "World Traveler, Explorer, Photographer; James Ricalton brought the world to his Maplewood students," Matters Magazine.
  3. ^ "National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections".
  4. ^ Dyer, Frank et al. (1910) Edison, His Life and Inventions, pp. 306-315
  5. ^ "Back from the Far East; Prof. Ricalton Reaches Maplewood, N. J., After Two Years of Adventures," New York Times. October 19, 1903.
  6. ^ Murphy, Kathryn Ricalton. "Travels in Africa," in The Life of James Ricalton.

References

External links

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