Jeremiah Joyce
Jeremiah Joyce (1763–1816) was an English Unitarian minister and writer. He achieved notoriety as one of the group of political activists arrested in May 1794.
Early life
He was born 24 February 1763, the son of Jeremiah Joyce (1718–1788), a master woolcomber at Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, and his wife Hannah Somersett (1726–1818);[1] his place of birth was Cheshunt,[2] or Mildred's Court, Poultry, London, Hannah's family home. He attended the nonconformist school in Cheshunt run by the Rev. Samuel Worsley, who had attended Daventry Academy.[3][4]
In 1777 Joyce was apprenticed to a glazier, John Willis, of Strand, London.[5] Willis was a member of the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass, and founded a building company, later Sykes & Son, that still exists (as of 2022). He did work on St Clement Danes church and the Middle Temple; and in 1778 took on his own son John as apprentice.[6][7] After seven years, Joyce completed the apprenticeship, going to business on his own account as a journeyman.[5]
Joyce worked in
Stanhope household and activism
In 1790 Joyce was appointed to Lord Mahon, eldest son of Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope. His duties in the household extended to the younger children, and he acted as secretary to Stanhope.[10]
Stanhope and Joyce shared radical political views: Stanhope by the end of 1789 was chairing the
Joyce became a member of the
By 1791, Joyce had joined the Unitarian Society (fuller name Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, to which was added "by the distribution of books"). In the following years he was involved in publications, and the Society had as associate Joseph Johnson.[15] He joined the Essex Street Chapel congregation, and formed a long-standing relationship with Theophilus Lindsey, its founder. When Lindsey retired from the chapel in 1793, Joyce for a period was minister there with John Disney, who had shared the position with Lindsey from 1783. Joyce took the afternoon services, continuing until 1804 when Thomas Belsham took over the chapel.[16][17][18]
Ahead of the
Treason charge and acquittal
A dozen activists were arrested in May, followed by the passing of the
On 14 May 1794 Joyce was at Stanhope's house
Joyce remained in custody until 19 May when, with others, he was committed to the
After the acquittal of his co-defendants Hardy and Horne Tooke, charges against Joyce were dropped. He had suffered 23 weeks imprisonment.[29][31] While Joyce was confined, supporters printed a book under his name. It was a sermon from earlier in the year, but contained also an appendix consisting of his examination by the Privy Council, and that of Bonney who was released at the same time. After his release it was being distributed by Arthur Aikin.[34][35] His own work on the legal process, An Account of Mr. Joyce's Arrest for "treasonable Practices". His Examination ... With Remarks on the Speeches of Mr. Windham, &c., appeared in 1795.[36]
Later life
Joyce was released on 1 December 1794, and was welcomed back to Chevening, the village being lit up; if not by the rector, the Rev. Samuel Preston, chaplain to John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham who was Lord Privy Seal.[37][38] He was quick to pay a visit to William Shepherd at Gatacre.[39]
Stanhope built Joyce a house in the grounds at Chevening. Joyce lived there for about four years, joined by his wife Elizabeth in 1796. He moved away in 1799. The troubled Stanhope household, where the father's insistence on home education was contentious, started to break up over the period. Daughter Lady Hester in the end moved out to live at Walmer with her uncle William Pitt the Younger, the Prime Minister, in 1803 according to John Ehrman; where he reportedly told her Tom Paine was "quite in the right" but he couldn't risk revolution.[40][41]
At this period, Theophilus Lindsey had hopes to find Joyce a full place as Unitarian minister; but he found that impossible, as he explained to
In 1799 Joyce took up a position as tutor to the sons of Benjamin Travers the elder (1752–1818), treasurer to the Gravel Pit Chapel and father of Benjamin Travers, a grocer in the sugar trade. He was in business with William Smith, who was an SCI member.[45][46][47] The firm, later known as Joseph Travers & Sons, was then trading as Smith, Travers & Kemble.[48]
For many years, Joyce was the secretary of the Unitarian Society. At the end of Lindsey's life, Joyce was close to him. When Lindsey died in 1808, Joyce wrote an anonymous obituary, the "Brief account" in
Works
Joyce wrote a number of popular educational works on science and mathematics. He also contributed articles to Rees's Cyclopædia (1802–1819).
As editor
- A Narrative of the Sufferings of T. F. Palmer and W. Skirving, During a Voyage to New South Wales, 1794, on Board the Surprize Transport.[51] Joyce prepared this work on the Scottish Martyrs from a manuscript by Thomas Fyshe Palmer brought from New South Wales by John White.[52] Muir, Palmer and Skirving had serious criticisms of Capt. Patrick Campbell of the Surprize, but also of Margarot, included by Joyce in his introduction.[53]
Joyce was largely responsible for the editing of two rival encyclopedic works bearing the names of others,
Instructional
- Scientific Dialogues (1800, 2 vols.)[54] Later editions, from 1807, in 7 vols.[54][2]
- System of Practical Arithmetic (1808)[56]
- A Familiar Introduction to the Arts and Sciences for the Use of Schools and Young Persons (1810)[57]
Systematic Education (1816) was a collaboration with Lant Carpenter and William Shepherd.[2]
Family
Joyce married in 1796 Elizabeth Harding, niece of Captain George Fagg (Slouney), who as a privateer of the Anglo-French War (1778–1783) ran the blockade of Gibraltar in 1780, commanding the Buck of Folkestone.[29][58] The youngest of his six children, Hannah, born the year before Joyce's death, was fostered by his friend William Shepherd. She later married William Ridyard.[29]
References
- ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15152. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
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- ^ "Worsley, Samuel (Surman index id: 30254)". surman.english.qmul.ac.uk.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
- ^ "The Brief History of a London Building Company Spanning Four Centuries" (PDF). sykesandsonltd.com. 2018.
- ^ "Sykes & Son Limited". sykesandsonltd.com.
- ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
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- ^ ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
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- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27545. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7185-1445-7.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42297. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/63602. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Goldsmith, Oliver; Rivers, David (1811). The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Death of George the Second. To which is Added A Continuation from the Death of George the Second to the Celebration of the Jubillee of His Majesty King George the Third by D. Rivers. A. Whellier. p. 7.
- ^ ISBN 0-7618-1484-1.
- ^ a b c d e f Lee, Sidney, ed. (1892). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 30. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8047-1184-5.
- ^ The Analytical Review, Or History of Literature, Domestic and Foreign, on an Enlarged Plan. 1796. p. 418.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9032. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Joyce, Jeremiah (1794). A Sermon Preached on Sunday, February the 23rd, 1794. Author, and sold.
- ISBN 9781843837428.
- ^ Joyce, Jeremiah (1795). An Account of Mr. Joyce's Arrest for "treasonable Practices". His Examination ... With Remarks on the Speeches of Mr. Windham, &c. Ridgway.
- ISBN 9781843837428.
- ^ "Preston, Samuel (1749–1803) (CCEd Person ID 100167)". The Clergy of the Church of England Database 1540–1835. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-317-88862-8.
- ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
- ISBN 978-1-84529-142-6.
- ^ The Enquirer (1801). A letter in answer to one suspected to have been written by a stranger, assisted by the Jacobin Priests of the West Riding. By the Enquirer [i.e. W. Atkinson, M.A.]. To which is annexed, An address to the inhabitants of Leeds. By the Freeholder. And a postscript to the inhabitants of Bradford. By a Clergyman. Bradford: R. Sedgwick. p. 45.
- ^ Cushing, William (1885). Initials and Pseudonyms: A Dictionary of Literary Disguises. Crowell. p. 92.
- ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
- ISBN 9781843837428.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27667. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "Smith, William (1756-1835), of Eagle House, Clapham Common, Surr. and Parndon, Essex. History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org.
- ^ "Details of Firm Joseph Travers & Sons,Legacies of British Slavery". www.ucl.ac.uk.
- ISBN 9781843833444.
- ^ The Monthly Magazine. R. Phillips. 1808. pp. 445–452.
- ^ Palmer, Thomas Fyshe (1797). A Narrative of the Sufferings of T.F. Palmer and W. Skirving, During a Voyage to New South Wales, 1794, on Board the Surprize Transport. Benjamin Flower.
- ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
- ^ Howell, Thomas Bayly (1817). A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1820. (etc.). Vol. XXIII. Longman. p. 1413.
- ^ a b c The Monthly Repository (and review). 1817. p. 706.
- ISBN 978-1-351-15506-9.
- ^ Joyce, Jeremiah (1808). System of Practical Arithmetic, applicable to the present state of trade. London: Richard Phillips.
- ^ Joyce, Jeremiah (1810). A Familiar Introduction to the Arts and Sciences for the Use of Schools and Young Persons. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown.
- ^ Piccadilly Series #95. Henry Sotheran Ltd. p. 48.